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Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission (EECC): Partial Award on Prisoners of War(Ethiopia's Claim 4)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2017

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Type
Judicial and Similar Proceedings
Information
International Legal Materials , Volume 42 , Issue 5 , September 2003 , pp. 1056 - 1082
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 2003

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Footnotes

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This document was reproduced and reformatted from the text appearing at the Permanent Court of Arbitration website (visited September 13, 2003) <http://www.pca-cpa.org>.

References

Endnotes

1 75 U.N.T.S. p. 135; 6 U.S.T. p. 3316.

2 Ethiopia's Claim 4, Prisoners of War, Memorial, filed by Ethiopia on August 1, 2000, p. 283 [hereinafter ET04 MEM].

3 Case concerning the Gabcíkovo-Nagymaros Project (Hung./Slovk.), 1997 I.C.J. p. 7 para. 123 (Sept. 25).

4 Both parties referred to the Statement by Mr. Minelik Alemu, Observer for Ethiopia at the Fiftieth Session of the U.N. Sub- Commission on the Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities under Item 10 on “Freedom of Movement” in the Exercise of the Right of Reply (Geneva, August 24, 1998), available at <http://www.ethemb.se/s980824_2.htm>. See ET04 MEM p. 34 note 97, p. 57 note 241, p. 146 note 616; Professor Brilmayer, Transcript of the Eritrea/Ethiopia Claims Commission Hearings of December 3-14, 2002, Peace Palace, The Hague, p. 62 [hereinafter Transcript].

5 ICRC, Ethiopia-Eritrea: Aid for medical facilities and the displaced, ICRC News 98/23, June 12, 1998, in Eritrea's Claim 17, Prisoners of War, Memorial, filed by Eritrea on August 1, 2002, Documentary Annex p. 40 [hereinafter ER17 MEM].

6 Čelebići Case (The Prosecutor v. Delalicet al.), 2001 ICTY Appeals Chamber Judgement Case No. IT-96-21-A (Feb. 20).

7 1946 U.N.T.S. p. 3; 17 I.L.M. p. 1488.

8 ER17MEMp. 19.

9 Eritrea's Claim 17, Prisoners of War, Counter-Memorial to ER17 MEM, filed by Ethiopia on November 1, 2002, pp. 27-28 [hereinafter ER17 CM].

10 U.S. v. Wilhelm von Leeb et al., in Trials of war criminals before the nuremberg military tribunals under control council law, NO. 10, Volume XI, p. 462 (United States Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 1950).

11 See Baxter, Richard R., Multilateral Treaties as Evidence of Customary International Law, 41 BRIT.Y.B. INT'LL. pp. 275, 286 (1965 - 66).Google Scholar

12 See, e.g., Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, 1996 I.C.J. p. 226 para. 79 (July 8); Report of the Secretary-General Pursuant to Paragraph 2 of Security Council Resolution 808 (May 3, 1993), U.N. Doc. S/25704 para. 35; The handbook OF Humanitarian law in armed conflicts p. 24 (Dieter Fleck ed., Oxford University Press 1995); and Theodor meron, human rights and humanitarian norms as customary law p. 45 (Clarendon Press 1989).

13 See, e.g., Charney, Jonathan I., International Agreements and the Development of Customary International Law, 61 WASH. L. REV. p. 971 (1986).Google Scholar

14 See Meron, supra note 12, at pp. 56-58.

15 Professor Murphy, Transcript p. 185.

16 Professor Crawford, Transcript pp. 333-334.

17 See, e.g., ET04 MEM p. 47; Transcript pp. 333-334.

18 Transcript p. 96

19 Transcript p. 105.

20 In this connection see Sylvain Vité, Les Procedures Internationales D'Établissement des Faits Dans la Mise En Oeuvre du Droit International Humanitaire pp. 345-346 (Editions de 1'Université de Bruxelles 1999).

21 See Gabor Rona, The ICRC Privilege not to Testify: Confidentiality in Action, 84 INT'L REV. Red Cross p. 207 (2002).

22 See, e.g., Geoffrey Best, War & Law Since 1945 p. 135 (Clarendon Press 1994).

23 See Yoram Dinstein, Prisoners of War, in Encyclopedia of Public International Law, Volume 4, pp. 146, 148 (Rudolf Bernhardt ed., North-Holland Publishing Company 1982).

24 See Ethiopia's Claim 4, Prisoners of War, Counter-Memorial to ET04, filed by Eritrea on November 1, 2002, p. 140 and note 856.

25 ICRC, Ethiopia/Eritrea: ICRC Visits Newly Captured Prisoners, ICRC NEWS, May 7, 1999, in ET04 MEM, Annex XV, Tab 94.

26 See Articles 9, 10, 73, 81 and 126.

27 See Articles 8 and 10

28 Howard S. Levie, Prisoners of war in International Armed Conflict, in International law Studies, Volume 59, p. 312 (United States Naval War College Press 1978).

29 Id. at p. 310.

30 Id. at p. 312.

31 Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons, supra note 12, at para. 79.

32 75 U.N.T.S. p. 31; 6 U.S.T. p. 3114

33 Common Article 3(l)(a), (2); Geneva Convention I, Articles 12, 15; Geneva Convention III, Articles 13, 20, 130.

34 Geneva Convention III, Article 17.

35 See ER17 MEM, Documentary Annex pp. 100-101.

36 See Articles 13 and 21-29.

37 Article 13 (emphasis added).

38 Geneva Convention III, Article 22.

39 118 L.N.T.S. pp. 343-411.

40 See, e.g., Levie, supra note 28, at p. 133

41 Transcript p. 169.

42 Transcript pp. 170-171.

43 Transcript p. 103.