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LA NAZIONALIZZAZIONE DEL VOTO

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 July 2018

Daniele Caramani

Introduzione

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Talvolta, teorie suggestive e portatrici di importanti potenzialità euristiche non trovano sempre quella collocazione teorica ed empirica che ne farebbe fonte di nuove conoscenze e di freschi impulsi analitici. Accade inoltre che riflessione concettuale e misure formali semplici ma ricche in sostanza e contenuti vengano trascurate a vantaggio di sofisticate metodologie e tecniche sproporzionate rispetto ai fini teorici conseguiti. Infine, la disciplina della scienza politica è caratterizzata da fenomeni di moda, che dirigono sia la produzione teorica che la ricerca empirica verso certi campi a discapito di altri.

Summary

Summary

This article revisits the theory of the nationalization of politics both in a conceptual and in a methodological perspective. Presenting and evaluating this theory through a critical analysis of the major works, this article focuses on the analytical utility and the theoretical interest of such a re-examination, and provides a new conceptual and operational definition of this political phenomenon.

The concept of nationalization is discussed in three electoral dimensions which permit its operationalization. The first dimension considers nationalization as a convergence of political parties' regional levels of electoral support; that is, as a process of territorial homogenization of voting behavior. The second dimension refers to an increasing uniformity of voting response from the regions to political forces, which means a one-directional swing between two elections. The third dimension sees nationalization as an electoral response given to national political forces (parties, candidates and issues) rather than to regional and/or local ones. Combining these three dimensions the article provides a typology of the different forms of nationalization.

This political phenomenon is explained by considering the reduction of territoriality of political cleavages as a major cause. In a comparative and historical perspective, elements of social integration and partisan competition are introduced in order to formulate several testable hypotheses concerning the variations of the levels of nationalization. In particular, this article considers the social and political factors able to explain temporal variations (among historical periods), systemic variations (which means variations between Western European countries), and partisan variations (among types of political parties).

Type
Saggi
Information
Italian Political Science Review / Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica , Volume 24 , Issue 2 , August 1994 , pp. 237 - 285
Copyright
Copyright © Societ Italiana di Scienza Politica 

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