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MOLTI CLEAVAGES, UN SOLO VOTE MOTIVE. IL CASO DEL VOTO COLOURED NEL SUDAFRICA POST-APARTHEID
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 July 2018
Introduzione
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Dopo essere divenuto il simbolo dell'ondata di democratizzazione seguita alla fine della Guerra fredda, il Sudafrica è tornato alla ribalta soprattutto per i drammatici problemi che lo travagliano, legati alla crescita della povertà e della criminalità e alla diffusione dell'Aids. È significativo che la rivista Daedalus, nel dedicargli il numero invernale del 2001, abbia ritenuto di intitolarlo Why South Africa Matters. In realtà, il nuovo Sudafrica continua a costituire un laboratorio unico nel suo genere: le differenze che lo attraversano (che sembrano replicare su scala ridotta quelle esistenti a livello globale) e il carattere fondamentalmente «occidentale» delle sue istituzioni — radicato in una lunga tradizione di electoral politics e nella continuità della rule of law, a cui si deve in gran parte il carattere pacifico della transizione dall'apartheid (Nhlapo 1996; Friedman 1996) — ne fanno un punto di osservazione assai suggestivo per chi sia interessato al futuro del modello democratico nelle società contemporanee, sempre più profondamente caratterizzate dalla diversità culturale, linguistica e religiosa.
Summary
The article analyses the debate on «racial» or «ethnic voting» in post-apartheid South Africa, looking at its implications for democratic theory. A critical review is offered of «sociological» (culture- and class-based) as well as «psychological» and political communication explanations for the unexpected tendency of the ‘coloured'voters in the Cape area to «betray» the African National Congress and line up with the white electorate after 1993. An alternative explanation is also offered, one which seeks to combine elements from theory of cleavages, class voting theory and Downsian theory of elections. It is based on the application of some recent developments of European and American rational choice sociology to the genesis of voting preferences as well as on the concept of language repertoire and central place theory. Finally, some possible adjustments to the liberal democratic model in contexts marked by economic, language, culture and geographic differentials are recommended from within the theoretical framework of the neo-contractarian views of democracy.
- Type
- Ricerche
- Information
- Italian Political Science Review / Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica , Volume 33 , Issue 1 , April 2003 , pp. 71 - 112
- Copyright
- Copyright © 2003 by Società editrice il Mulino, Bologna
References
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