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Cultivar effects on relationship between grain number and photothermal quotient or spike dry weight in wheat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 September 2011

L. LÁZARO  and
P. E. ABBATE
L. LÁZARO*
Affiliation:
Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la provincia de Buenos Aires, CC 178 (7300), Azul, Buenos Aires, Argentina
P. E. ABBATE
Affiliation:
Unidad Integrada Balcarce, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata and Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC 276 (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
*
*To whom all correspondence should be addressed. Email: llazaro@faa.unicen.edu.ar
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Summary

In wheat, the photothermal quotient (Q, the ratio between mean incident solar radiation and mean temperature is greater than 4·5°C in the 30 days preceding anthesis), is a good estimator of grain number/m2 (GN) and of yield. Previous investigations have not analysed in depth whether the responses of GN to Q differ between wheat cultivars, or what is the cause of the eventual variation. In the present work, the results of field experiments carried out between 1994 and 2001 in various locations were used to test the following hypotheses: (i) the responses of GN to Q differ between wheat cultivars; (ii) these differences are caused by differences in the spike fertility index (GN/g spike dry weight/m2 at the beginning of grain filling (SDW)). The responses of GN to Q were compared for five wheat cultivars (four bread wheats and one durum wheat) and it was found that with Q values above 0·3 MJ/m2/d°C, all responses of GN to Q were linear, positive and parallel. A method was then proposed to obtain cultivar-specific GN from a common relationship between GN and Q. This method would facilitate GN estimation in crops with changes in sowing dates, sites or years, starting from data of potential GN and yield that is relatively easy to obtain. Differences among cultivars in response to Q were due to differences in GN response at SDW. Similar SDW values produced different GN, depending on the spike fertility index of each cultivar. The cultivars did not differ in their responses of SDW to Q. The association between spike fertility index and SDW was strongly negative in bread wheat. At lower levels of Q or SDW, the spike fertility index increased in all cultivars, at least when changes in SDW or Q were caused mainly by intercepted solar radiation, but the present results demonstrate that differences between cultivars also exist in this relationship.

Type
Crops and Soils Research Papers
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 150 , Issue 4 , August 2012 , pp. 442 - 459
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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