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Social environment perception and associations with overweight in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 August 2021

Priscila Bárbara Zanini Rosa ,
Ilaine Schuch ,
Caroline Marques de Lima Cunha ,
Ylana Elias Rodrigues ,
Marcos Fanton  and
Raquel Canuto Open the ORCID record for Raquel Canuto [Opens in a new window]
Priscila Bárbara Zanini Rosa
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Ilaine Schuch
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Caroline Marques de Lima Cunha
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Ylana Elias Rodrigues
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Brazil
Marcos Fanton
Affiliation:
Department of Philosophy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil
Raquel Canuto*
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
*
*Corresponding author. Email: raquel.canuto@ufrgs.br
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Abstract

The prevalence of overweight in Brazilian adults has grown in recent years. There is evidence indicating that environmental factors, especially social characteristics, may be involved in the aetiology of overweight, but few studies have investigated this association adequately. The main objective of this study was to identify residents’ perception of their social environment (social cohesion, security and violence) and assess its relationship with overweight in a central area of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The associations between socioeconomic characteristics and social environment perception were also explored. This cross-sectional study conducted in 2018–19 had 400 participants aged from 20 to 70 years living in low- and high-income areas of the city of Porto Alegre. Participants’ perception of social cohesion, security and violence were evaluated using a validated questionnaire. Participants’ body mass index (BMI) was measured, and those with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 were considered to be overweight. Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated through Poisson regression analysis; level of significance was 5%. The prevalence of overweight in the sample was 68.8% (95% CI 64.0–73.2). Individuals with a more positive social cohesion perception had a higher prevalence of overweight (PR 1.06; 95% CI: 1.00–1.12; p=0.02) than those with a less positive perception. Brown individuals also had a higher prevalence of overweight (PR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02–1.15; p=0.03) than those of other skin colour/race. No association was found between overweight and perception of security or violence. Therefore, social cohesion may be an important factor in overweight and the findings highlight the importance of considering social factors, and their perceptions, when planning actions for the prevention and control of overweight in a population.

Keywords

OverweightSocial cohesionSocial environment
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Biosocial Science , Volume 54 , Issue 5 , September 2022 , pp. 888 - 901
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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