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The Decline of the Grenvillite Faction Under the First Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, 1817-1829

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 January 2014

James J. Sack*
Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Chicago Circle

Extract

The Grenvillites were one of the more durable and long lasting of the political groups or factions which functioned within the Westminster scene during the first three decades of the nineteenth century. Yet several years before the Reform Bill of 1832 substantially reduced their borough strength in the House of Commons, the Grenvillites as a group had ceased playing even a peripherally important role in the political nation. The decline of this faction illustrates one of the problems implicit in a system which places emphasis upon a great peer or wealthy Commoner acting as paterfamilias of a political clique. It is all very well when there exists an individual of some talent or even a moderate degree of gravitas to lead the group, but what will follow when an internal shift within the faction throws up a total incompetent, who neither properly prunes nor tends his preserve, to run the corporate affairs? This article will examine how such an occurrence overtook the Grenvillites during the years after 1817.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © North American Conference of British Studies 1975

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References

1. The Grenvillite peers in 1808 included: Auckland, Braybrooke, Bristol, Buckingham, Bulkeley, Carlisle, Carnarvon, Carrington, Carysfort, Cawdor, Essex, Fortescue, Glastonbury, Grenville, Hardwicke, Hereford, the Bishop of Lincoln, Minto, the Bishop of Oxford, the Bishop of St. Asaph, Somers, Spencer, and Stafford. The Commoners included: Sir John Anstruther, Sir George C. Berkeley, Scrope Bernard, Lord Ebrington, William Eden, William Elliot, Lord Euston, William Fremantle, Pascoe Grenfell, Thomas Grenville, William Howard, Thomas Knox, Lord Morpeth, Richard Neville, Sir John Newport, Sir George Nugent, William Shipley, Lord Temple, Sir Robert Williams, Sir Watkin Wynn, and Charles Wynn.

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47. NLW, Buckingham to Wynn, July 8, 1825, Coedymaen Papers, 25B; BRO, Buckingham to Fremantle, Sept. 20, 1825, Fremantle Papers, 46.

48. BM, Wynn to Liverpool, Aug. 7, 1825, Liverpool Papers, Add. MS 38,412.

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51. NLW, Wynn to Grenville, Dec. 19, 1825, Coedymaen Papers, IX/706.

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65. HEH, Buckingham's private diary, June 17, 1827, STG, ibid.

66. Buckingham owed personal debts of nearly £100,000. Chandos had personal debts of £9,200 and claimed that his father owed him £58,000. HEH, East to the Duchess, March 15, 21, 1828, STG, Box 4.

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81. The membership of the third party seems to have remained relatively stable. I have been unable to ascertain how many individuals sat on the Grenvillite bench by 1819. A number of M.P.'s appear to have flirted with them without actually sitting on the bench. These included: William Dickinson, Lord Blandford, Lord Charles Spencer Churchill, and Sir Hew Dalrymple Hamilton. Buckingham, and Chandos, , Memoirs of Regency, II, 323Google Scholar, Wynn to Buckingham, n.d.; NLW, Wynn to Phillimore, April 10, 1820, Coedymaen Papers, 46.

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88. The family relationships among the Stowe Grenvilles after the first Marquis of Buckingham's death in 1813 were troubled and it was against such a backdrop that the family tragedy, culminating in the Stowe auction of 1848, must be viewed. When Buckingham returned from Italy in 1829, the Duchess insisted on separate bedrooms. HEH, Buckingham to the Duchess, May 4, 1832, STG, Box 11. The second Duke of Buckingham and Chandos and his wife were divorced only in 1850, but their marital problems had been in evidence thirty years before. See, for example, the thirty-seven letters from the then Lord Temple to his wife in 1821. HEH, STG, Box 325.

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97. HEH, Chandos to Buckingham, May 6, 8, 1826, STG, Box 330.

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