Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vvkck Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T07:43:53.101Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Characterization of variables related to high stability of raw cow milk

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 February 2024

Fernanda Antunes Martins ,
Marina Tolentino Marinho ,
Vivian Fischer ,
João Ricardo Alves Pereira ,
Paulo Ricardo Los  and
Adriana de Souza Martins
Fernanda Antunes Martins*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
Marina Tolentino Marinho
Affiliation:
Department of Food Engineering, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
Vivian Fischer
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Rio Grande do Sul Federal University, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
João Ricardo Alves Pereira
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
Paulo Ricardo Los
Affiliation:
Department of Food Engineering, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
Adriana de Souza Martins
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
*
Corresponding author: Fernanda Antunes Martins; Email: fernandaantunesmartins@outlook.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This research paper analyzes the stability of raw cow milk in the alcohol test and seeks to understand to know the factors that influence milk stability and the occurrence of unstable non-acid milk. Milk samples were collected from the cooling tanks of rural farmers in the state of Paraná twice in summer and twice in winter. The farms were classified according to the production system: pasture with supplementation and feedlot. The following variables were analyzed: stability in the alcohol test, titratable acidity, ionized calcium concentration (iCa), chemical composition of milk, somatic cell count and standard plate count. The results showed that milk stability was greater in winter vs. summer, when the milk contained higher iCa, and in the feedlot vs. pasture system. The Pearson Correlation between variables (ethanol stability, milk composition, iCa, cooling tank temperature, milk volume, number of milking, number of cows milked, fat/protein ratio, distance and travel time) were analyzed. Stability was negatively correlated with iCa concentration and positively with lactose content. Logistic regression of the risk of unstable non-acid milk at 72% alcohol (UNAM72) showed that only iCa and lactose were determinants, while evaluation of the same risk at 78% alcohol revealed iCa, titratable acidity, lactose and milk urea nitrogen as risk factors. Under the dairy farming conditions of Paraná state, the frequency of UNAM72 was low (12.16%) and was higher in summer and in pasture systems with supplementation. In conclusion, in dairy herds bred with high technological level, with adequate nutritional and health management, the frequency of UNAM is low and is related to nutritional management abnd, perhaps, heat stress, factors that alter iCa and lactose levels.

Keywords

Ethanol stabilityfat/protein ratioionized calciumlactosemilk quality
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Dairy Research , First View , pp. 1 - 7
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Hannah Dairy Research Foundation

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abreu, AS, Fischer, V, Stumpf, MT, McManus, CM, González, FHD, da Silva, JBS and Heisler, G (2020) Natural tree shade increases milk stability of lactating dairy cows during the summer in the subtropics. Journal of Dairy Research 87, 444–447.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Akkerman, M, Larsen, LB, Sørensen, J and Poulsen, NA (2019) Natural variations of citrate and calcium in milk and their effects on milk processing properties. Journal of Dairy Science 102, 6830–6841.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Akkerman, M, Johansen, LB, Rauh, V, Sørensen, J, Larsen, LB and Poulsen, NA (2021) Relationship between casein micelle size, protein composition and stability of UHT milk. International Dairy Journal 112, 104856.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andrade, FL, Rodrigues, JPP, Detmann, E, Valadares Filho, SC, Castro, MMD, Trece, AS, Silva, TE, Fischer, V, Weiss, K and Marcondes, MI (2016) Nutritional and productive performance of dairy cows fed corn silage or sugarcane silage with or without additives. Tropical Animal Health and Production 48, 747–753.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BRASIL (2018) Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Instrução Normativa no 77, de 26 de novembro de 2018. 2018. Disponível em http://pesquisa.in.gov.br/imprensa/jsp/visualiza/index.jsp?data=30/11/2018&jornal=515&pagina=9Google Scholar
Callegari-Jacques, SM (2008) Bioestatística: Princípios e Aplicações. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 255 p.Google Scholar
Davis, S, Farr, VC, Knowles, SO, Lee, J, Kolver, E and Auldist, M (2001) Sources of variation in milk calcium content. The Australian Journal of Dairy Technology 56, 156.Google Scholar
Fagnani, R, Battaglini, APP, Beloti, V and de Araújo, JPA (2016) [Is etahnol stability of milk a reliable test? Ciência Animal Brasileira 17, 386–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischer, V, Zanela, MB, Ribeiro, MER, Marques, MT, Abreu, AS, Machado, SC, Fruscalso, V, Barbosa, RS, Stumpf, MT, Kolling, GJ and Viero, V (2011) [Unstable non acid milk (UNAM): prevention on the dairy farm and effects on dairy products]. III Simpósio Nacional de Bovinocultura Leiteira e I Simpósio Internacional de Bovinocultura Leiteira – SIMLEITE 1, 45–66.Google Scholar
Fischer, V, Ribeiro, MER, Zanela, MB, Marques, LT, Abreu, AS, Machado, SC, Fruscalso, V, Barbosa, RS and Stumpf, MT (2012) [Unstable non acid milk: a solvable problem?]. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 13, 838–849.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huppertz, T (2016) Heat stability of milk. In McSweeney P and O'Mahony J (eds), Advanced Dairy Chemistry. New York, NY: Springer. pp. 179–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ISO – International Organization for Standardization (2006) ISO 13366-2/IDF 148-2: Milk – Enumeration of somatic cells – Part 2: Guidance on the operation of fluoro-opto-electronic counters. Genève. Switzerland. 2006. 2 ed. 13p.Google Scholar
ISO – International Organization for Standardization (2013a) ISO 4833-1: Microbiology of the food chain- Horizontal method for the enumeration of microorganisms – Part 1: Colony count at 30 degrees C by the pour plate technique. Genève. Switzerland. 2013. 1 ed. 9p.Google Scholar
ISO – International Organization for Standardization (2013b) ISO 9622-IDF 141: Milk and liquid milk products – Guidelines for the application of mid-infrared spectrometry. Genève. Switzerland. 2013. 2 ed. 14p.Google Scholar
Loveday, SM, Weeks, M, Luo, D and Cakebread, J (2021) Type A and B bovine milks: heat stability is driven by different physicochemical parameters. Journal of Dairy Science 104, 11413–11421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marques, LT, Fischer, V, Zanela, MB, Ribeiro, MER, Junior, WS and Rodrigues, CM (2011) [Milk yield, milk composition and biochemical blood profile of lactating cows supplemented with anionic salt]. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 40, 1088–1094.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martins, CMMR, Arcari, MA, Welter, KC, Netto, AS, Oliveira, CAF and Santos, MV (2015) Effect of dietary cation-anion difference on performance of lactating dairy cows and stability of milk proteins. Journal of Dairy Science 98, 2650–2661.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martins, CMMR, Gonçalves, JL, Alves, BG, Arcari, MA and Santos, MV (2019) Subclinical intramammary infection does not affect bovine milk ethanol stability. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 55, 1–9.Google Scholar
Marx, IG, Lazzarotto, TC, Drunkler, DA and Colla, E (2011) [Occurrence of Non-Acid Unstable Milk in West Region of Parana]. Revista Ciências Exatas e Naturais 13, 101–112.Google Scholar
Omoarukhe, ED, On-Nom, N, Grandison, AS and Lewis, MJ (2010) Effects of different calcium salts on properties of milk related to heat stability. International Journal of Dairy Technology 63, 504–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Philippe, M, Gaucheron, F, Le Graet, Y, Michel, F and Garem, A (2003) Physicochemical characterization of calcium-supplemented skim milk. Le Lait 83, 45–59. Disponível em https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00895357/documentCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinheiro, JS, Rocha, LG, Andrade, DR, Rotta, PP, Rezende, JP, Pires, ACS and Marcondes, MI (2022) Unveiling unstable non-acid incidence in Holstein cows fed with corn silage or sugarcane. Journal of Dairy Science 105, 9226–9239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosa, PP, Zanela, MB, Ribeiro, MER, Fluck, AC, Angelo, IDV, Ferreira, OGL and Costa, OAD (2017) [Etiologic factors affecting milk quality, Milk unstable and non acid (LINA)]. Revista Electrónica de Veterinária 18, 1–17.Google Scholar
Shew, DI (1981) New monograph on UHT milk. International Dairy Federation 133, 115–121.Google Scholar
Stumpf, MT, Fischer, V, McManus, CM, Kolling, GJ, Zanela, MB, Santos, CS, Abreu, AS and Montagner, P (2013) Severe feed restriction increases permeability of mammary gland cell tight junctions and reduces ethanol stability of milk. Animal: An International Journal of Animal Bioscience 7, 1137–1142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tronco, VM (2010) Manual Para Inspeção Da Qualidade Do Leite. Santa Maria, SM: Editora UFSM, p. 208.Google Scholar
Velloso, CRV (1998) Noções básicas da acidez. In Brito, JRF and Dias, JC (eds), A Qualidade do Leite. Juiz de Fora: Embrapa-CNPGL; São Paulo: Tortuga, pp. 37–45.Google Scholar
Warmiñska, M, Kruk, A and Brandt, W (2006) Effect of vibration frequency and exposure time on the technological usability of fresh milk. Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Science 56, 247–251.Google Scholar
Werncke, D, Gabbi, AM, Abreu, AS, Felipus, NC, Machado, NL, Cardoso, LL, Schmid, FA, Alessio, DRM, Fischer, V and Thaler Neto, A (2016) Milk quality and profile of dairy farms in southern Santa catarina: multivariate approach. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 68, 506–516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zanela, MB and Ribeiro, MER (2018) [LINA – milk unstable and nonacid]. Embrapa 356, 1–19.Google Scholar
Zanela, MB, Fischer, V, Ribeiro, MER, Barbosa, RS, Marques, LT, Stumpf, W and Zanela, C (2006) [unstable nonacid milk and milk composition of Jersey cows on feed restriction]. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 41, 835–840.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zanela, MB, Ribeiro, MER and Fischer, V (2015) [Unstable nonacid milk (LINA) from the field to the industry]. VI Congresso Brasileiro de Qualidade Do Leite. Minicurso- Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), 1–16.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Martins et al. supplementary material

Martins et al. supplementary material
Download Martins et al. supplementary material(File)
File 101.2 KB