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Long-term impact of hypothyroidism during gestation and lactation on the mammary gland
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 June 2022
Abstract
The functional differentiation of the mammary gland (MG) is fundamental for the prevention of mammary pathologies. This process occurs throughout pregnancy and lactation, making these stages key events for the study of pathologies associated with development and differentiation. Many studies have investigated the link between mammary pathologies and thyroid diseases, but most have ignored the role of thyroid hormone (TH) in the functional differentiation of the MG. In this work, we show the long-term impact of hypothyroidism in an animal model whose lactogenic differentiation occurred at low TH levels. We evaluated the ability of the MG to respond to hormonal control and regulate cell cycle progression. We found that a deficit in TH throughout pregnancy and lactation induces a long-term decrease in Rb phosphorylation, increases p53, p21, Cyclin D1 and Ki67 expression, reduces progesterone receptor expression, and induces nonmalignant lesions in mammary tissue. This paper shows the importance of TH level control during mammary differentiation and its long-term impact on mammary function.
- Type
- Original Article
- Information
- Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 14 , Issue 1 , February 2023 , pp. 122 - 131
- Copyright
- © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease
Footnotes
Fiorella Campo Verde Arboccó and Fabio A. Persia are the equal collaborators.
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