Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-p2v8j Total loading time: 0.001 Render date: 2024-05-21T22:48:11.324Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

New host and geographical records for Parafilaroides normani (Nematoda: Filaroididae) Dailey, 2009 in South American fur seal, Arctocephalus australis, from southern Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 October 2020

J. Echenique ,
E. Pereira ,
J. Prado ,
A.L. Schild  and
A.L. Valente Open the ORCID record for A.L. Valente [Opens in a new window]
J. Echenique
Affiliation:
Faculdade de Veterinária, Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
E. Pereira
Affiliation:
Post Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
J. Prado
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Megafauna Marina, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
A.L. Schild
Affiliation:
Faculdade de Veterinária, Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
A.L. Valente*
Affiliation:
Post Graduate Program in Animal Biology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: A.L. Valente, E-mail: schifinoval@hotmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Lungworms are a common finding in seals and fur seals around the world. However, from existing records, the biogeographical distribution of filaroid helminths appears to be restricted, and these parasites are endemic in only certain areas and species, mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. The occurrence of infection in pinniped species in the Southern Hemisphere is scarce. The objective of this work is to verify the prevalence of lungworms in Arctocephalus australis in waters off the southern coast of Brazil. Twenty subadult specimens of A. australis found recently dead on the southern coast of Brazil were necropsied and their lungs were examined. Parasitic cysts were found in only one specimen (prevalence of 5%). The helminths were morphologically identified as Parafilaroides normani (Metastrongyloidea: Filaroididae). This helminth species has been reported in pinnipeds from Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. This is the first record of P. normani in A. australis and for the western South Atlantic, providing additional data regarding the biogeographic distribution of the parasite.

Keywords

LungwormfilaroidsBrazilfur seal
Type
Short Communication
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 94 , 2020 , e202
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amato, JFR, Boeger, WA and Amato, SB (1991) Protocolos para laboratório: coleta e processamento de parasitos do pescado. 81 pp. Seropédica, Brazil, Imprensa Universitária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro.Google Scholar
Dailey, MD (1970) The transmission of Parafilaroides decorus (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Journal of Helminthological Society of Washington 37, 215–222.Google Scholar
Dailey, MD (2009) A new species of Parafilaroides (Nematoda: Filaroididae) in three species of fur seals (Carnivora: Otariidae) from the southern hemisphere. Journal of Parasitology 95, 56–159.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fischer, AH, Jacobson, KA, Rose, J and Zeller, R (2008) Hematoxylin and eosin staining of tissue and cell sections. CSH Protocols 2008, pdb.prot4986. doi: 10.1101/pdb.prot4986.Google ScholarPubMed
Gosselin, J and Measures, L (2011) Redescription of Filaroides (Parafilaroides) gymnurus (Railliet, 1899) (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea), with comments on other species in pinnipeds. Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, 359–370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gosselin, JF, Measures, LM and Huot, J (1998) Lungworm (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) infections in Canadian phocids. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 55, 825–834.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IUCN (2008) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T41665A10531098. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/2064/72050370 (accessed 24 June 2020).Google Scholar
Jabbar, A, Mohandas, N and Gasser, RB (2014) Characterization of the mitochondrial genome of Parafilaroides normani (lungworm) of Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus (Australian fur seal). Parasitology Research 113, 3049–3055.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacobus, K, Marigo, J, Gastal, SB, Taniwaki, SA, Ruoppolo, V, Catão-Dias, JL and Tseng, F (2016) Identification of respiratory and gastrointestinal parasites of three species of pinnipeds (Arctocephalus australis, Arctocephalus gazella, and Otaria flavescens) in southern Brazil. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 47, 132–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katz, L, Morgades, D and Castro-Ramos, M (2012) Pathological and parasitological findings in South American fur seal pups (Arctocephalus australis) in Uruguay. ISRN Zoology 2012, 1–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, TR, Greig, D, Colegrove, KM, Lowenstine, LJ, Dailey, M, Gulland, FM and Haulena, M (2005) Metastrongyloid nematode (Otostrongylus circumlitus) infection in a stranded California sea lion (Zalophus californianus)-a new host-parasite association. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 41, 593–598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehnert, K, von Samson-Himmelstjerna, G, Schaudien, D, Bleidorn, C, Wohlsein, P and Siebert, U (2010) Transmission of lungworms of harbour porpoises and harbour seals: molecular tools determine potential vertebrate intermediate hosts. International Journal of Parasitology 40, 845–853.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marigo, J (2003) Comparative pathology of the main parasitic diseases of marine mammals found in the south and southeastern coasts of Brazil. 160 pp. Master Dissertation, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo.Google Scholar
Measures, LN (2001) Lungworms of marine mammals. pp. 238–288 in Samuel, WM, Pybus, MJ and Kocan, AA (Eds) Parasitic diseases of wild mammals. 2nd edn. Ames, IA, Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Nadler, SA, Lyons, ET, Pagan, C, Hyman, D and Beron-Vera, B (2013) Molecular systematics of pinniped hookworms (Nematoda: Uncinaria): species delimitation, host associations and host-induced morphometric variation. International Journal for Parasitology 43, 1119–1132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pereira, EM (2012) Identificação da comunidade componente de helmintos, gastrointestinais hepáticos, pulmonares, cardíacos e renais de Otaria flavescens (Leão-marinho-do-sul), no litoral sul do Brasil. 70 pp. Master dissertation, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia.Google Scholar
Pinedo, MC, Rosas, FCW and Marmontel, M (1992) Cetáceos e Pinípedes do Brasil: Uma Revisão dos Registros e Guia para a Identificação das Espécies.1st edn. 213 pp. Manaus, Brazil, Unepifua.Google Scholar
Pugliares, KR, Bogomolni, A, Touhey, KM, Herzig, SM, Harry, CT and Moore, MJ (2007) Marine mammal necropsy: an introductory guide for stranding responders and field biologists. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Technical Report, 2007-6. 133 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reisfeld, L, Sacristán, C, Sánchez-Sarmiento, AM, et al. (2019) Fatal pulmonary parafilaroidiasis in a free-ranging subantarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis) coinfected with gammaherpesviruses two and Sarcocystis sp. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 28, 499–503.Google Scholar
Ruoppolo, V (2003) Comparative pathology of cetaceans and pinnipeds. MS Dissertation, Experimental and Comparative Pathology, University of São Paulo, School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo.Google Scholar
Silva, KG (2004) Os pinípedes no Brasil: ocorrências, estimativas populacionais e conservação. 249 pp. PhD thesis, Fundação Universidade do Rio Grande, Rio Grande.Google Scholar
Silva, RZ (2012) Acantocefalóses e nematodíase gastrointestinal em Arctocephalus australis (Mammalia:Pinnipedia): existe diferença entre gênero sexual, condição sexual, histopatologia e sazonalidade? 212 pp. PhD thesis, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade do Rio Grande, Rio Grande.Google Scholar
Silva, KG (2014) Os mamiferos marinhos do litoral sul do Rio Grande do Sul. 1st edn. 72 pp. Rio Grande, RS, Brazil, NEMA.Google Scholar
Sukhdeo, MVK (1994) Parasites and behaviour. Parasitology 109 (S1). Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/parasitology/article/par-volume-109-supplement-1-cover-and-front-matter/BDA7D7894A9B6020B27D9C5896F1D09ECrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ulrich, SA, Lehnert, K, Rubio-Garcia, A, Sanchez-Contreras, GJ, Strube, C and Siebert, U (2016) Lungworm seroprevalence in free-ranging harbour seals and molecular characterization of marine mammal MSP. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 5, 48–55.Google Scholar