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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 February 2009
In August 1933 a bitter revolutionary struggle reached its climax in Havana. Pressure from the United States during mediations conducted by American Ambassador Sumner Welles, a general strike and a military coup combined to topple the government of Gerardo Machado. National tensions made acute during the machadato and contradictions generated in the anti-Machado struggle converged in the newly constituted administration of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes.
1 For an excellent summary of these events, see Luis, E. Aguilar, Cuba, 1933: Prologue to Revolution (Ithaca, New York, 1972), pp. 55–162.Google Scholar
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63 Freeman, C. S., Commanding Officer, to Commander, 21 09 1933, File EF 19/P9–2(330921), GRDN/NA, RG 80.Google Scholar Freeman reported seeing Cuban automobiles displaying signs on the windshields pledging ‘moriremos combatiendo la intervención’. ibid.
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