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Review of clinical and emerging biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment management of pancreatic cancer: towards personalised medicine

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2021

Ernest Osei Open the ORCID record for Ernest Osei [Opens in a new window] ,
Christabel Oghinan ,
Akua Asare ,
Hillary Ho  and
Solomon Manful
Ernest Osei*
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Physics, Grand River Regional Cancer Centre, Kitchener, ON, Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ONCanada
Christabel Oghinan
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catherine, ON, Canada
Akua Asare
Affiliation:
Department of General Science, Brock University, St. Catherine, ON, Canada
Hillary Ho
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
Solomon Manful
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catherine, ON, Canada
*
Author for correspondence: Ernest Osei, Department of Medical Physics, Grand River Regional Cancer Centre, Kitchener, ON, Canada. Tel: (519) 749-4300. E-mail: ernest.osei@grhosp.onca
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Abstract

Background:

Pancreatic cancer is the 12th most commonly diagnosed cancer and the 3rd leading cause of cancer mortality and accounts for approximately 2·7% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases and 6·4% of all cancer mortalities in Canada. It has a very poor survival rate mainly due to the difficulty of detecting the disease at an early stage. Consequently, in the advancement of disease management towards the concept of precision medicine that takes individual patient variabilities into account, several investigators have focused on the identification of effective clinical biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity, capable of early diagnosis of symptomatic patients and early detection of the disease in asymptomatic individuals at high risk for developing pancreatic cancer.

Materials and methods:

We searched several databases from August to December 2020 for relevant studies published in English between 2000 and 2020 and reporting on biomarkers for the management of pancreatic cancer. In this narrative review paper, we describe 13 clinical and emerging biomarkers for pancreatic cancers used in screening for early detection and diagnosis, to identify patients’ risk for metastatic disease and subsequent relapse, to monitor patient response to specific treatment and to provide clinicians the possibility of prospectively identifying groups of patients who will benefit from a particular treatment.

Conclusions:

Current and emerging biomarkers for pancreatic cancer with high specificity and sensitivity has the potential to account for individual patient variabilities, for early detection of disease before the onset of metastasis to improve treatment outcome and patients’ survival, help screen high-risk populations, predict prognosis, provide accurate information of patient response to specific treatment and improve patients monitoring during treatment. Thus, the future holds promise for the use of effective clinical biomarkers or a panel of biomarkers for personalised patient-specific targeted medicine for pancreatic cancer.

Keywords

biomarkerspancreatic cancerpersonalised treatmentserumtargeted medicine
Type
Literature Review
Information
Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice , Volume 21 , Issue 3 , September 2022 , pp. 421 - 433
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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