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Family values and public policy: a venture in prediction and prescription

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2009

Extract

Ideology and public policy are so intimately related that they may only with difficulty be seen separately. This essay attempts to view one kind of ideology, American family values, and predict the manner in which they will affect public policy and be altered by public policy. Whatever its intrinsic hazards, prediction for the last quarter of the century affords relative safety for a few years anyway. The term ‘family values’ is used broadly here to encompass objectives that are professed for families in the United States as well as patterns of family structure and activity to which, by practising them, we show attachment. I begin with a brief review and commentary upon the relationship between family values and public policy to date, concluded with some comments on the role that social scientists and reformers might play. Discussion of the future follows, with one further prescription.

Type
Special Issue on ‘Values in Social Policy’
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1972

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References

1 Calhoun, Arthur W., A Social History of the American Family, Cleveland: A. H. Clark, vol 2, p. 334.Google Scholar

2 Democracy in America (1899), vol iiGoogle Scholar, ‘Social and Domestic Relations’.

3 Wilensky, Harold L. and Lebeaux, Charles N., Industrial Society and Social Welfare, New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1958Google Scholar; Ogburn, William F. with Tibbits, Clark, ‘The Family and Its Functions’, in Recent Social Trends, President's Research Committee on Social Trends (1933), vol 1.Google Scholar

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5 Bauer, Catherine, ‘Redevelopment: A Misfit in the Fifties’, in Woodbury, Coleman (ed.), The Future of Cities and Urban Development, University of Chicago Press, 1953Google Scholar, and Grattan, C. Hartley, ‘Senator Flanders: Intelligent Conservative’, Harper's Magazine, 01 1950.Google Scholar

6 Social Scientists' Advisory Meeting, Working Paper: Summary of Deliberations, June 20–21, 1960, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Social Security Administration, mimeographed.Google Scholar

7 See, for example, Merriam, Ida C., ‘Welfare and Its Measurement’, in Sheldon, Eleanor and Moore, Wilbert E. (eds.), Indicators of Social Change, Russell Sage Foundation, New York.Google Scholar

8 Bell, Daniel, ‘Notes on the Post-Industrial Society (I)’, The Public Interest, No. 6, Winter 1967Google Scholar; and Chomsky, Noam, American Tower and the New Mandarins, New York: Random House, 1967.Google Scholar

9 For example, the Office of Economic Opportunity was designated as the civilian agency in which Programme Planning and Budgeting would be introduced. But see, ‘The Politics of Evaluation: The Case of Head Start’, The Annals of the American Acadamy of Political and Social Science, v. 385, 09 1969Google Scholar; Glennan, Thomas K. Jr., ‘Evaluating Federal Manpower Programs: Notes and Observations’, The Rand Corporation, 09 1969Google Scholar; and Levitan, Sar A., ‘Facts, Fancies, and Freeloaders in Evaluating Antipoverty Programs’, Poverty and Human Resources, 1112 1969.Google Scholar

10 For my own view that this scepticism is justified, see Schorr, Alvin L., ‘Public Policy and Private Interest’, in Horowitz, Irving (ed.), The Use and Abuse of Social Science, New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Books, 1971.Google Scholar

11 The National Academy of Sciences and Social Science Research Council put the point as follows: ‘Many academic scientists value the prestige that their contributions to basic research and theory give them in the eyes of their peers more than whatever rewards might be obtained from clients who would find their work useful. It…leads not only to scientific knowledge but also to respect and status tendered by those whose judgments they value most.’ (National Academy of Sciences and Social Science Research Council, The Behavioral and Social Sciences. Outlook and Needs, Washington, D.C., 1969, p. 193.Google Scholar)

12 See, for example, William J. Goode, ‘The Theory and Measurement of Family Change’, in Indicators of Social Change, op. cit.; and Ferris, Abbott L., Indicators of Change in the American Family, New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1969.Google Scholar

13 ‘Social Security and Filial Responsibility’, op. cit.

14 Schorr, Alvin L., Slums and Social Insecurity, London: Thomas Nelson and Sons, Ltd., 1964, chapter 1.Google Scholar

15 Gil, David G., ‘A Systematic Approach to Social Policy Analysis’, Brandeis University, 23 01 1970Google Scholar, mimeographed.

16 Addressing this problem, the National Science Board has proposed intensive development of Social Problem Research Institutes, in universities and elsewhere. (Knowledge Into Action: Improving the Nation's Use of the Social Sciences, Report of the Special Commission on the Social Sciences of the National Science Board, National Science Foundation, 1969, Washington, D.C.) It would be one step but would not address the underlying problem of professional incentives unless these institutes themselves become a route to professional status and advancement.

17 A stimulating, detailed prediction will be found in Elise, and Boulding, Kenneth, ‘Changing Patterns of the Family in American Society: An Aggregative and Sectoral Exercise in the Economic and Sociological Imagination’, prepared for presentation at the Clara Brown Amy Symposium on Family Values, University of Minnesota, 15–17 03 1970.Google Scholar