Britain, like other advanced urban industrial countries, is passing through economic changes more fundamental than the recession and inflation which take so much of the headlines. These changes in industrial structure have political implications which influence the distribution of power and the allocation of opportunities and rewards, both through the market and through the social wage furnished by governments. They call for a critical reappraisal of old ideas about the practice, the study and the teaching of social policy, and an attempt to formulate new approaches to this field – or to reformulate the old approaches.

Since the birth of the National Health Service in 1948 there have been periodic discussions of the potential role of pricing and insurance in the United Kingdom health care system. This article is concerned with discussing the problems inherent in these mechanisms and it advocates more careful articulation of the cost and benefits of such policies. The first section gives a description of some quite recent proposals to extend the role of the pricing and insurance mechanisms which have been made by the British Medical Association and the McKinsey consultancy company. The second section uses economic analysis to show that both the pricing and the insurance mechanisms have inherent problems which may vitiate their efficiency in many western health care markets. The third section is concerned with the mechanisms by which the efficiency of the health care system can be improved, and radical experimentation is advocated. Without radical experimentation and the implementation of suitable incentive systems, inefficiency and inequality will continue in the National Health Service.

Elementary textbooks in a subject may well influence students more than their subsequent reading, and they show the basic assumptions of teachers. This article is based on a study of introductory reading recommended to social administration students in British universities and polytechnics in 1976. It argues that many textbooks incorporate to some extent an ideal-typical interpretation of social policy which is called ‘the social conscience thesis’. The first part of the article sets out to establish that this approach, which was one of the dominant ones in social administration, remains influential. It is still the most common interpretation of social policy at the elementary level. The article is not concerned with advanced and specialized texts, where, although the social conscience thesis is still strong, different approaches are more commonly found. The second part then attempts to explain why this approach was once so powerful and why it is still with us.

This article discusses the particular characteristics of men with schizophrenia or personality disorder and it compares these two categories with one another and with the destitute population as a whole. On a number of variables, no significant differences are discerned, the category as a whole sharing a background of considerable material and social deprivation. However, with reference to place of birth, loss of mother, and father's occupation, significant differences do appear. The two categories also show distinctly different patterns in the process of becoming destitute and they use existing agencies differently. Finally, the type of service most suitable for these men is discussed together with other issues raised by the question, ‘How can we improve the lot of the homeless single person?’