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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 26 June 2007
Al-Manār was an Arabic and reformist journal founded by Muḥammad Rashīd Riḍā in Cairo in 1898, and its primary objectives were to examine the decadence of Muslim political institutions, underline the danger of European colonialism in the Muslim world, and promote the idea that Islam was compatible with modernity and reason. The present article attempts to examine the intellectual influence of al-Manār among the Ḥadhramī elite in the Malay-Indonesian world, and critically assess its role as the mouthpiece for the propagation of ‘Abduh's doctrines and accomplishment of his reforms. It first addresses the mission of al-Manār as a reformist journal that worked towards the promotion of social, religious and economic reforms in the Muslim world. It secondly examines the religio-cultural background of the Ḥadhramī elite who were influenced by the reformist mission of al-Manār and subscribed to its ultimate goal. The study finally highlights the impact of al-Manār on the religio-political and social structure of the Ḥadhramī diaspora in the Malay-Indonesian world, and discusses how this impact resulted in the establishment of a revivalist movement that rejected the conservative attitude of blind imitation (taqlīd ) of the four schools of Islamic law, and denounced the Sufi practices that were not in harmony with the fundamentals of Islam. Special attention will also be paid to the role of the Ḥadhramī organisations, schools and press that contributed to the propagation of al-Manār's reformist mission and its dissemination at the grass roots level of the Ḥadhramī community.
This article is a part of a research project on the publications of al-Manār Journal (1898–1935) on Southeast Asia. The research was conducted during the last two years at the Main Library of the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) and that of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC) of the same university. The outcome of this research project has been published in two volumes entitled: Al-Athar al-Kamila li Mujallat al-Manar an Janub Sharq Asia [The Complete Works of al-Manar Journal on Southeast Asia], Kuala Lumpur: Research Centre (IIUM), 2006. The research project was partially funded by the Research Centre of the International Islamic University Malaysia, whose support I gratefully acknowledge. I am also indebted to my colleagues, Prof. Hassan Ahmed Ibrahim, Prof. Syed Nasir Kazmi and Dr Wan Suhana Wan Sulong, who read this article in various drafts and offered constructive remarks.
1 This article is a part of a research project on the publications of al-Manār Journal (1898–1935) on Southeast Asia. The research was conducted during the last two years at the Main Library of the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) and that of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC) of the same university. The outcome of this research project has been published in two volumes entitled: Al-Athar al-Kamila li Mujallat al-Manar an Janub Sharq Asia [The Complete Works of al-Manar Journal on Southeast Asia], Kuala Lumpur: Research Centre (IIUM), 2006. The research project was partially funded by the Research Centre of the International Islamic University Malaysia, whose support I gratefully acknowledge. I am also indebted to my colleagues, Prof. Hassan Ahmed Ibrahim, Prof. Syed Nasir Kazmi and Dr Wan Suhana Wan Sulong, who read this article in various drafts and offered constructive remarks.
