^{page 203 note 1} Extracts from Du Halde and Harrow.

^{page 203 note 2} This assertion is the result of accurate inquiry, and agrees with Du Halde and other authorities.

^{page 204 note 1} Extracts from Du Halde and Mr. Barrow.

^{page 204 note 2} Staunton.

^{page 205 note 1} Extracts from Du Halde.

^{page 205 note 2} Staunton.

^{page 206 note 1} Du Halde.

^{page 207 note 1} Extracts from Du Halde.

^{page 207 note 2} Ibid.

^{page 208 note 1} Extracts from Du Halde.

^{page 209 note 1} This estimate greatly exceeds the supposed consumption of the above places in the Accounts A and B.

^{page 209 note 2} The Gulph of Pe-tche-lee seems to afford no shelter for large vessels. In that case, the supply of these provinces would proceed from the Yang-tse-kiang, thus increasing the importance of that port.

^{page 212 note 1} The actual quantity of teas shipped at Canton, on the Company's account, from season 1810–11 to 1814–15, both inclusive, gives an average annual quantity of—

^{page 214 note 1} See Appendix N.

^{page 215 note 1} Mr. Harrow thus speaks of the river near Nan-gan-fu:—“At Nan-gau-fu, the river Kan-kiang ceases to be navigable, indeed, the whole of the three last days' navigation might, with propriety, in England, be called only a trout stream; upon which no nation on earth, except the Chinese, would have conceived the idea of floating any kind of craft; they have however adapted, in an admirable manner, the form and construction of their vessels to the nature and depth of the navigation. Yet, in several places, the water was so shallow that they could not be dragged over, until a channel had been made, by removing the stones and gravel with iron rakes.”

^{page 215 note 2} The She-pa-tan are thus described by the same traveller. “On the 3rd of September, we approached that part of the river which, on account of the numerous shipwrecks that have happened there, is held in no small degree of dread by the Chinese. They call it the She-pa-tan, or eighteen cataracts; which are torrents formed by ledges of rock running across the bed of the river. They have not, however, any thing very terrific in them, not being one half so dangerous as the fall at London bridge about half title. This intricate part of the river, where innumerable pointed rocks occurred, some above, some even with, and others just below the surface of the water, required two long days' sail with a fair breeze, and the falls became more rapid and dangerous the farther we advanced. At the fifteenth cataract we perceived two or three vessels lying against the rocks, with their flat-bottoms uppermost.

^{page 215 note 3} The mountain of Ta-moey-lin, is thus described by Sir George Staunton:— “The mountains which divide the two provinces of Kiang-see and Quang-tong, form a chain running mostly from cast to west, and are nearly perpendicular to the range which proceeds southerly from Hang-chew-fu. The travellers began in a little time to ascend the highest of those eminences, the summit of which was confounded with the clouds above it. Two of those clouds, as they appeared at least to be, to some of the spectators, were without motion, and left a void regular space between them; but after the travellers had ascended n long way upon a circuitous road, so traced for the purpose of being practicable for horse-men, they were astonished to find that those steady clouds formed, themselves, the summit of the mountain, cut down by dint of labour, to a very considerable depth, in order to render the ascent somewhat less steep. Difficult as this passage still continues, it is so much less so than before the top of the mountain was thus cut through, that the statue of the mandarin who had it done, is honoured with a niche in some of the Chinese temples hereabouts. The mountain is clothed with plantations of trees to its utmost height, from whence a most extensive and rich prospect opens at once to the eye. A gentle and uniform descent of several miles on every side, almost entirely clothed with lively verdure, and crowned with towns, villages, and farm-houses, is, as it were, to use Mr. Barrow's expression, ‘laid at the feet of the spectator;’ whilst distant plains of unbounded extent, with mountains rising out of the horizon, terminate the view. Towards the northerly point of the compass, appeared, however, a tract of waste and barren ground. The hills scattered over the plain appeared, comparatively to the vast eminence from whence they wero viewed, like so many hay-ricks; as is, indeed, the distant appearance of many other Chinese hills. The town of Nan-gau-fu, which the travellers had lately left, from their present situation seemed merely to be a heap of tiles, while the liver that passed by it was like a shining line.” Formidable, however, as this mountain appears by the above description of this ingenious and well-informed author, the expense of porterage of teas across it amounts to only three mace per pecul.

^{page 216 note 1} Chinese manuscript.

^{page 219 note 1} This account of the population of Kien-ning-fu is taken from a Chinese statistical work of recent publication.

^{page 219 note 2} Du Halde.

^{page 220 note 1} The name of this river is Min, not Chang. Chang I imagine to lie a corruption of the word Kiang or Chiang, which in the Chinese language signifies a river.

^{page 221 note 01} Mr. Lindsay, in speaking of Shang-hai-hien, observes, “Considering the extraordinary advantages which this place possesses for foreign trade, it is wonderful that it has not attracted more observation. One of the main causes of Us importance is found in its fine harbour and navigable river (the Woo-Sung), by which, in point of fact, Shang-hai is the seaport of the Yang-tse-kiang, and the principal emporium of Eastern Asia, the native trade of it greatly exceeding even that of Canton. In seven days, upwards of 400 junks, varying in size from 100 to 400 tons, passed Woo-Sung, and proceeded to Shang-hai. During the first part of our stay, most of these vessels were the north country junks, with four masts, from Tien-tsin, and various parts of Manchcew Tartary. But during the latter part of our stay, the Fo-kien junks began to pour in, to the number of thirty and forty per day. Many of these were from Formosa, Canton, the Eastern Archipelago, Cochin China, and Siam. Commodious Wharfs and large warehouses occupy tho banks of the river, which is deep enough to allow junks to come and unload alongside of them; in the middle it lias from six. to eight fathoms, and is nearly half a mile in breadth.”

There can bo no doubt of tho importance of Shang-hai-hien as an emporium for imports; but to free us from the vexations and extortions of the inferior officers of government, it would be necessary to establish either a factory at Su-cheu-fu, or the residence of some officer in that city empowered to hold direct communication with the viceroy.