Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-wzw2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-02T18:57:52.243Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Fighting Words: The Discourse of Insurgency in Latin American History

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 October 2022

John Charles Chasteen*
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

“What I suffer is pleasant because it shows that I am putting myself above the run of common men, that I am worthy of my Patria and of you…”

Insurgent officer to his wife, 1893

The appeal of sacrifice so frequently encountered in expressions of nationalism is an equally familiar theme in the rhetoric of political warfare in Latin America. Stories of political warfare take up a considerable part of Latin American historiography. The intent of this exploratory article is to suggest how the rhetoric and narrative written about nineteenth-century insurgency can be read to illuminate the political history of Latin America. Two South American civil wars of the 1890s constitute the empirical starting point for my speculations, although they are scarcely a convincing sample of the hundreds of insurgencies that have occurred since independence. Consequently, these observations on a Latin American discourse of insurgency must largely be content to ask questions, raise issues, and suggest hypotheses.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1993 by the University of Texas Press

Footnotes

Research for this article was conducted with funds from the Social Science Research Council, the U.S. Department of Education, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

References

Acevedo Diaz, Eduardo (H.) 1941 La vida de batalla de Eduardo Acevedo Díaz. Buenos Aires: Ateneo.Google Scholar
Alden, Dauril 1968 Royal Government in Colonial Brazil: With Special Reference to the Administration of the Marquis of Lavradio, Viceroy, 1769–1779. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Anderson, Benedict 1983 Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Andreski, Stanislav 1968 Military Organization and Society. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Ayestaran, Lauro 1950 La primitiva poesía gauchesca en el Uruguay, vol. 1:1812–1838. Montevideo: Imprenta de El Siglo'Ilustrado.Google Scholar
Ball, Terence 1988 Transforming Political Discourse: Political Theory and Critical Conceptual History. London: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Baretta, Baretta Silvio Rogerio 1985Political Violence and Regime Change: A Study of the 1893 Civil War in Southern Brazil.” Ph.D. diss., University of Pittsburgh.Google Scholar
Barman, Roderick J. 1988 Brazil: The Forging of a Nation, 1798–1852. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Barran, Jose Pedro, and Nahum, Benjamin 1971 Historia rural del Uruguay moderno, vol. 2: La crisis económica, 1886–1894. Montevideo: Banda Oriental.Google Scholar
Barran, Jose Pedro 1972 Historia rural del Uruguay moderno, vol. 4: La historia social de las revoluciones de 1897 y 1904. Montevideo: Banda Oriental.Google Scholar
Barros Lemez, Alvaro 1985 La obra cuentística de Javier de Viana. Montevideo: Astillero.Google Scholar
Barthes, Roland 1972 Mythologies. New York: Hill and Wang.Google Scholar
Brint, Michael 1991 A Genealogy of Political Culture. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.Google Scholar
Bushnell, David, and Macaulay, Neill 1988 The Emergence of Latin America in the Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Busquets, Julio 1982 Pronunciamientos y golpes de estado en España. Barcelona: Planeta.Google Scholar
Calvert, Susan, and Calvert, Peter 1989 Argentina: Political Culture and Instability. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Carvalho, Carvalho Jose Murilo 1991 A Formação das Almas: O Imaginario da República no Brasil. São Paulo: Letras.Google Scholar
Cesar, Guilhermino 1978 O Contrabando no Sul do Brasil. Porto Alegre and Caxias do Sul: Escola Superior de Teologia São Lourenco de Brindes and the Universidade de Caxias do Sul.Google Scholar
Chasteen, John Charles 1991Background to Civil War: The Process of Land Tenure in Brazil's Southern Borderland, 1801–1893.” Hispanic American Historical Review 71, no. 4 (Nov.): 737–60.Google Scholar
Connor, W. R. 1988Early Greek Land Warfare as Symbolic Expression.” Past and Present, no. 119:329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darnton, Robert 1984 The Great Cat Massacre and Other Episodes in French Cultural History. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
D'AVILA, F. MAYA 1969 Terra e Gente de Alcides Maya. Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul: Sulina.Google Scholar
Dealy, Glen Caudill 1977 The Public Man: An Interpretation of Latin American and Other Catholic Countries. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.Google Scholar
Diaz, Jose Virginio 1903 Los Saravia, una familia de guerreros (apuntes rápidos para una biografía). Montevideo: La Razón.Google Scholar
Diaz, Jose Virginio 1920 Historia de Saravia: contribución al estudio del caudillaje en América. Montevideo: A. Barreiro y Ramos.Google Scholar
Dourado, Angelo 1896 Voluntários do Martírio: Fatos e Episódios da Guerra Civil. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul: Americana.Google Scholar
Dunkerley, James 1992 Political Suicide in Latin America and Other Essays. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Echenique, Jose Rufino 1952 Memorias para la historia del Perú (1808–1878). Lima: Huascar.Google Scholar
Edelman, Murray 1988 Constructing the Political Spectacle. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Elshtain, Jean Bethke 1990Identity, Sacrifice, and Sovereignty.” Paper presented to the American Political Science Association, San Francisco, 30 August-2 September.Google Scholar
Fauroil, George, ED. 1985 Latin American Insurgencies. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Center for Strategic and International Studies.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foucault, Michel 1984The Order of Discourse.” In Language and Politics, edited by Shapiro, Michael J., 108–38. New York: New York University Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Franco, Franco Sergio Da 1962 “O Sentido Histórico da Revolucäo de 1893.” In Fundamentos da Cultura Rio-Grandense, 5:193216. Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul: n.p.Google Scholar
Galvez, Manuel 1957 Vida de Aparicio Saravia. 2d ed. Buenos Aires: Tor.Google Scholar
Geertz, Clifford 1973 The Interpretation of Culture: Selected Essays. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Gonzalez Echevarria, Roberto 1985 The Voice of the Master: Writing and Authority in Modern Latin American Literature. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Graham, Richard 1990 Patronage and Politics in Nineteenth-Century Brazil. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Harland, Richard 1987 Superstructuralism: The Philosophy of Structuralism and Post-Structuralism. London and New York: Methuen.Google Scholar
Hawkes, Terence 1977 Structuralism and Semiotics. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herrera, Herrera Luis Alberto 1990 Por la Patria. Montevideo: Cámara de Representantes.Google Scholar
Hidalgo, Bartolome 1979 Obras completas. Montevideo: Ciencias.Google Scholar
Ibarbourou, Juana De 1944 “La guerra.” Chico Carlo. Buenos Aires: Sudamericana.Google Scholar
Kristal, Efrain 1987 The Andes Viewed from the City: Literary and Political Discourse on the Indian in Peru. New York: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Lafaye, Jacques 1988 Mesías, cruzadas, utopías: el judeo-cristianismo en las sociedades ibéricas. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica.Google Scholar
Lakoff, George, and Johnson, Mark 1980 Metaphors We Live By. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Lears, T. J. Jackson 1985The Concept of Cultural Hegemony: Problems and Possibilities.” American Historical Review 90, no. 3 (June):567–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Love, Joseph L. 1971 Rio Grande do Sul and Brazilian Regionalism, 1882–1930. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1971.Google Scholar
Lussich, Antonio D. 1964 Los tres gauchos orientales. Montevideo: Ministerio de Instrucción y Previsión Social.Google Scholar
Medeiros, Medeiros Manuel Da 1980 História do Herval. Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul: Escola Superior de Teologia Sao Lourenco de Brindes.Google Scholar
Mena Segarra, C. Enrique 1977 Aparicio Saravia: las últimas patriadas. Montevideo: Banda Oriental.Google Scholar
Monegal, Jose 1942 Vida de Aparicio Saravia. Montevideo: A. Monteverde.Google Scholar
Meyer, Augusto 1957 Cancioneiro Gaúcho. Rio de Janeiro: Globo.Google Scholar
Moreno, Francisco Antonio 1969 Legitimacy and Stability in Latin America: A Study of Chilean Political Culture. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Morse, Richard 1989 “Claims of Political Tradition.” In Morse, New World Soundings: Culture and Ideology in the Americas, 95130. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Movimiento de Liberacion Nacional 1971 Actas tupamaras. Buenos Aires: Schapire.Google Scholar
Neto, João Simões Lopes 1960 Cancioneiro Guasca. 2d ed. Rio de Janeiro: Globo.Google Scholar
O'MALLEY, ILENE V. 1986 The Myth of the Revolution: Hero Cults and the Institutionalization of the Mexican State, 1920–1940. New York: Greenwood.Google Scholar
Paez, Jose Antonio 1869 Autobiografía. New York: Hallet and Breen.Google Scholar
Pereira, Antonio N. 1897 La lucha fratricida y la conciliación: boceto histórico-dramático. Montevideo: Imprenta de El Siglo Ilustrado.Google Scholar
Ros, Francisco J. 1902 La feria de Melo: reflecciones económicas sobre los departamentos de Cerro Largo, Treinta y Tres, Rocha, Minas y Maldonado. Montevideo: Tipografía de La Razón.Google Scholar
Safford, Frank 1986Politics, Ideology, and Society.” In Spanish America after Independence, ca. 1820–1870, edited by Bethell, Leslie, 48122. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez De 1976 The Eagle: The Autobiography of Santa Anna, edited by Crawford, Ann Fears. Austin, Tex.: Pemberton.Google Scholar
Saravia Garcia, Nepomuceno 1956 Memorias de Aparicio Saravia: relato histórico-biográfico de su hijo Nepomuceno, ilustrado con documentación del archivo del General. Montevideo: Medina.Google Scholar
Simons, Herbert W., and Aghazarian, Aram A. 1986 Form, Genre, and the Study of Political Discourse. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Anthony D. 1986 The Ethnic Origin of Nations. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Sommer, Doris 1990 Foundational Fictions: The National Romances of Latin America. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Spalding, Walter 1963 A Epopéia Farroupilha: Pequena História da Grande Revolução Acompanhada de Farta Documentação da Epoca, 1835–1845. Rio de Janeiro: Biblioteca do Exército.Google Scholar
Stoetzer, O. Carlos 1979 The Scholastic Roots of the Spanish American Revolutions. New York: Fordham University Press.Google Scholar
Taborda, Taborda Tarciso Antonio 1985 Bagé e a Revolução Farroupilha. Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul: n.p.Google Scholar
Taussig, Michael T. 1980 The Devil and Commodity Fetishism in South America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Veliz, Claudio 1980 The Centralist Tradition in Latin America. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Viana, Javier De 1945 “En las cuchillas.” Gurí y otras novelas. Montevideo: Claudio García.Google Scholar
Viana, Javier De 1945 “La última campaña.” Campo. Montevideo: Claudio García.Google Scholar
Viana, Javier De 1979 Con divisa blanca. Montevideo: Ediciones de la Plaza.Google Scholar
Villalba, Epaminondas 1897 A Revolução Federalista no Rio Grande do Sul (Documentos e Comentários). Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and Recife: Laemmert.Google Scholar
Wickham-Crowley, Timothy 1992 Guerrillas and Revolution in Latin America: A Comparative Study of Insurgents and Regimes since 1956. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, Raymond 1977 Marxism and Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Zavala Muniz, Justino 1921 Crónica de Muniz. Montevideo: El Siglo Ilustrado.Google Scholar
Zum Felde, Alberto 1919 Proceso histórico del Uruguay: esquema de una sociología nacional. Montevideo: Maximino García.Google Scholar