Hostname: page-component-76dd75c94c-x59qb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T07:34:56.625Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

EREMAEIDAE (ACARI: ORIBATIDA) OF NORTH AMERICA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Valerie M. Behan-Pelletier
Get access

Abstract

The oribatid family Eremaeidae is represented in North America by two genera, Eremaeus and Eueremaeus, both widely distributed throughout the Palaearctic and Nearctic regions. In North America species in both genera are found in moist to arid habitats from New Mexico to the High Arctic. Reproduction is sexual, and both immatures and adults feed mainly on fungi.Revised diagnoses are presented for the Eremaeidae and genera Eremaeus and Eueremaeus. Eighteen species of Eremaeus, of which 14 are newly proposed, and 24 species of Eueremaeus, of which 15 are newly proposed, are recognized. Identification keys are provided for the world genera of Eremaeidae, and for adults of Eremaeus and Eueremaeus of North America. All but one North American species of these genera are described, and their geographical distributions mapped.North American Eremaeus species include E. appalachicus sp. no v., E. boreomontanus sp. nov., E. brevitarsus (Ewing), E. californiensis sp. nov., E. gracilis sp. nov., E. grandis Hammer, E. kananaskis sp. nov., E. kevani sp. nov., E. megistos sp. nov., E. monticolus sp. nov., E. nortoni sp. nov., E. occidentalis sp. nov., E. oresbios sp. nov., E. plumosus Woolley, E. porosus sp. nov., E. salish sp. nov., E. translamellatus Hammer, and E. walteri sp. nov. The immatures of four of these, E. kananaskis, E. occidentalis, E. oresbios, and E. translamellatus, are described.North American Eueremaeus include Eu. acostulatus sp. nov., Eu. aridulus sp. nov., Eu. columbianus (Berlese), Eu. foveolatus (Hammer), Eu. marshalli sp. nov., Eu. masinasin sp. nov., Eu. michaeli sp. nov., Eu. nahani sp. nov., Eu. nemoralis sp. nov., Eu. proximus (Berlese) comb, nov., Eu. woolleyi (Higgins) comb, nov., Eu. yukonensis sp. nov., and three informal species groups with the following included species in North America: (1) Eu. trionus group—Eu. trionus (Higgins) comb, nov., (2) Eu. stiktos group—Eu. carinatus sp. nov., Eu. higginsi sp. nov., Eu. stiktos (Higgins) comb, nov., Eu. tetrosus (Higgins) comb, nov., (3) Eu. chiatous group—Eu. alvordensis sp. nov., Eu. aysineep sp. nov., Eu. chiatous (Higgins) comb, nov., Eu. danos sp. nov., Eu. lindquisti sp. nov., Eu. magniporosus (Wallwork) comb, nov., and Eu. osoyoosensis sp. nov. The immatures of nine of these, Eu. masinasin, Eu. nahani, Eu. carinatus, Eu. higginsi, Eu. columbianus, Eu. proximus, Eu. woolleyi, Eu. stiktos, and Eu. tetrosus, are described. Kartoeremaeus reevesi Higgins and Eremaeus politus Banks are considered junior subjective synonyms of Eueremaeus columbianus (Berlese).A cladistic analysis of the genera comprising Eremaeidae: Eremaeus, Tricheremaeus, Eueremaeus (and included species groups), Proteremaeus, Carinabella, and Asperemaeus, indicates that Eremaeus is the sister taxon of Carinabella, and that Eueremaeus is the sister taxon of Proteremaeus. Tricheremaeus is the sister taxon of Eremaeus + Carinabella, and Asperemaeus is the sister taxon of Eueremaeus + Proteremaeus. The relationship of the Eremaeidae to the Megeremaeidae and Zetorchestidae is presented. Finally, I discuss the ecology and distribution of North American species of Eremaeidae.

Résumé

Chez les oribates de l'Amérique du Nord, la famille des Eremaeidae est représentée par deux genres, Eremaeus et Eueremaeus tous deux répartis partout dans les régions paléarctiques et néarctiques. En Amérique du Nord, les espèces des deux genres habitent les zones arides du Nouveau-Mexique jusque dans le Haut Arctique. Leur reproduction est sexuée et les immatures aussi bien que les adultes se nourrissent surtout de champignons.

On trouvera ici des diagnoses révisées des Eremaeidae et des genres Eremaeus et Eueremaeus. Dix-huit espèces d'Eremaeus, dont 14 sont nouvelles, et 24 espèces d'Eueremaeus, dont 15 sont nouvelles, sont reconnues. Des clés d'identification permettront de distinguer les différents genres d'Eremaeidae à l'échelle mondiale, et de reconnaître les adultes d'Eremaeus et d'Eueremaeus présents en Amérique du Nord. à l'exception d'une seule, toutes les espèces nord-américaines de ces genres sont décrites et leur répartitions géographiques respectives sont représentées sur des cartes.

Le genre Eremaeus compte les espèces nord-américaines suivantes : E. appalachicus sp. nov., E. boreomontanus sp. nov., E. brevitarsus (Ewing), E. californiensis sp. nov., E. gracilis sp. nov., E. grandis Hammer, E. kananaskis sp. nov., E. kevani sp. nov., E. megistos sp. nov., E. monticolus sp. nov., E. nortoni sp. nov., E. occidentalis sp. nov., E. oresbios sp. nov., E. plumosus Woolley, E. porosus sp. nov., E. salish sp. nov., E. translamellatus Hammer et E. walteri sp. nov. La description des stade immatures de quatre de ces espèces, E. kananaskis, E. occidentalis, E. oresbios et E. translamellatus est présentée.

Le genre Eueremaeus compte les espèces nord-américaines suivantes : Eu. acostulatus sp. nov., Eu. aridulus sp. nov., Eu. columbianus (Berlese), Eu. foveolatus (Hammer), Eu. marshalli sp. nov., Eu. masinasin sp. nov., Eu. michaeli sp. nov., Eu. nahani sp. nov., Eu. nemoralis sp. nov., Eu. proximus (Berlese) comb, nov., Eu. woolleyi (Higgins) comb. nov., Eu. yukonensis sp. nov., et trois groupes informels qui comptent les espèces nord-américaines suivantes : (1) le groupe Eu. trionus, avec l'espèce Eu. trionus (Higgins) comb, nov., (2) le groupe Eu. stiktos, qui comprend Eu. carinatus sp. nov., Eu. higginsi sp. nov., Eu. stiktos (Higgins) comb. nov. et Eu. tetrosus (Higgins) comb. nov. et (3) le groupe Eu. chiatous, qui comprend Eu. alvordensis sp. nov., Eu. aysineep sp. nov., Eu. chiatous (Higgins) comb, nov., Eu. danos sp. nov., Eu. lindquisti sp. nov., Eu. magniporosus (Wallwork) comb. nov. et Eu. osoyoosensis sp. nov. Les stades immatures de neuf de ces espèces, Eu. masinasin, Eu. nahani, Eu. carinatus, Eu. higginsi, Eu. columbianus, Eu. proximus, Eu. woolleyi, Eu. stiktos et Eu. tetrosus, sont décrits. Kartoeremaeus reevesi Higgins et Eremaeus politus Banks sont considérés comme des synonymes subjectifs plus récents d'Eueremaeus columbianus (Berlese).

Une analyse cladistique des genres qui font partie des Eremeidae, Eremaeus, Tricheremaeus, Eueremaeus (y compris les groupes d'espèces), Proteremaeus, Carinabella et Asperemaeus, indique qu'Eremaeus est le taxon soeur de Carinabella et qu'Eueremaeus est le taxon soeur de Proteremaeus. Tricheremaeus est le taxon soeur d'Eremaeus + Carinabella et Asperemaeus est le taxon soeur d'Eueremaeus + Proteremaeus. La relation entre les Eremaeidae, d'une part, et les Megeremaeidae et les Zetorchestidae, d'autre part, est examinée. Enfin, l'écologie et la répartition des espèces nord-américaines d'Eremaeidae font l'objet d'une discussion.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , Volume 125 , Supplement S168 , 1993 , pp. 1 - 193
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Balogh, J. 1972. The Oribatid Genera of the World. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest. 188 pp. + 71pls.Google Scholar
Balogh, J., and Balogh, P., 1988. Oribatid Mites of the Neotropical Region I. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest. 335 pp.Google Scholar
Balogh, J., and Balogh, P., 1991. The Oribatid Mites Genera of the World. Vol. 1. Hungarian National Museum Press. 263 pp.Google Scholar
Banks, N. 1947. On some Acarina from North Carolina. Psyche, Cambridge 54: 110–141.Google Scholar
Beck, L., and Woas, S.. 1991. Die Oribatiden-Arten (Acari) eines suedwestdeutschen Buchenwaldes I. Carolinea 49: 37–82.Google Scholar
Behan-Pelletier, V.M. 1982. Descriptions of new species and a new genus of Oribatei (Acari) from the Soviet subarctic. The Canadian Entomologist 114: 855–871.Google Scholar
Behan-Pelletier, V.M. 1990. Redefinition of Megeremaeus (Acari: Megeremaeidae) with redescription of new species, and nymphs of M. montanus Higgins and Woolley. The Canadian Entomologist 122: 875–900.Google Scholar
Behan-Pelletier, V.M., and Ryabinin, N.A.. 1991. Taxonomy and biogeography of Proteremaeus (Acari: Oribatida: Eremaeidae). The Canadian Entomologist 123: 559–565.Google Scholar
Berlese, A. 1908. Elenco di generi e specie nuovi di Acari. Redia 5: 1–15.Google Scholar
Berlese, A. 1916. Centuria prima di Acari nuovi. Redia 12: 19–67.Google Scholar
Ewing, H.E. 1917. New Acarina. Part II. Descriptions of new species and varieties from Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 37: 149–172.Google Scholar
Freeman, R.S. 1952. The biology and life history of Monoecocestus Beddard, 1914 (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) from the porcupine. Journal of Parasitology 38: 111–129.Google Scholar
Fujikawa, T. 1972. A contribution to the knowledge of the oribatid fauna of Hokkaido. Insecta Matsumurana 35: 127–183.Google Scholar
Grandjean, F. 1934. Les organes respiratoires secondaires des Oribates (Acariens). Annales Société entomologique France 103: 109–146.Google Scholar
Grandjean, F. 1939. Observations sur les Oribates (IIe série). Bulletin Muséum d'Histoire naturelle Paris, 2e série 11: 110–117.Google Scholar
Grandjean, F. 1954. Essai de classification des Oribates (Acariens). Bulletin Société zoologique France 78: 421–446.Google Scholar
Grandjean, F. 1963. La néotrichie du genre Tricheremaeus d'après T. nemossensis n. sp. (Oribate). Acarologia 5: 407–437.Google Scholar
Grandjean, F. 1965. Complément a mon travail de 1953 sur la classification des oribates. Acarologia 7: 713–734.Google Scholar
Grandjean, F. 1967. Nouvelles observations sur les Oribates (5e série). Acarologia 9: 242–272.Google Scholar
Hammen, L. van der. 1980. Glossary of Acarological Terminology. Vol. 1. General Terminology. Junk, The Hague. 244 pp.Google Scholar
Hammer, M. 1952. Investigations on the microfauna of northern Canada. Part I Oribatidae. Acta Arctica 4: 1–108.Google Scholar
Hammer, M. 1977. Investigations on the Oribatid Fauna of North-West Pakistan. Biologiske Skrifter 21: 71 pp + 34 pls.Google Scholar
Hennig, W. 1966. Phylogenetic systematics. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, IL. 268 pp.Google Scholar
Higgins, H.G. 1962. A new species of Eremaeus from western United States (Acarina: Oribatei, Eremaeidae). Great Basin Naturalist 22(1/3): 89–92.Google Scholar
Higgins, H.G. 1979. A brief review of the oribatid family Eremaeidae in North America, pp. 541–546in Rodriguez, J.G. (Ed.), Recent Advances in Acarology, Vol. II. Academic Press, New York, NY.Google Scholar
Higgins, H.G., and Woolley, T.A.. 1965. A new genus of moss mites from northwestern United States. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 41(4): 259–262.Google Scholar
Koch, C.L. 1835. Deutschlands Crustaceen, Myriapoden und Arachniden. Vol. 1–3.Google Scholar
Koch, C.L. 1836. Deutschlands Crustaceen, Myriapoden und Arachniden. Vol. 4–9.Google Scholar
Krisper, G. 1986. Neue funde der hornmilben Belorchestes planatus Grandjean und Litholestes altitudinus Grandjean in Ôsterreich (Acari, Oribatei). Mitteilungen Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins Steiermark 116: 297–300.Google Scholar
Krisper, G. 1987 a. Artengliederung und Verbreitung der gattung Zetorchestes in Europa (Acari, Oribatida). Zoölogische Mededeelingen Leiden 61: 15–30.Google Scholar
Krisper, G. 1987 b. Zetorchestes arten aus Neuguinea und Japan (Acari: Oribatida: Zetorchestidae). Zoölogische Mededeelingen Leiden 61: 327–357.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E. E. 1986. The World Genera of Tarsonemidae (Acari: Heterostigmata): A Morphological, Phylogenetic, and Systematic Revision, with a Reclassification of Family-group Taxa in the Heterostigmata. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 136: 517 pp.Google Scholar
Lions, J.-C. 1971. Oribates (Acariens) de la Sainte-Baume (2e série) Eremaeus cordiformis Grandjean. Acarologia 13: 186–208.Google Scholar
Marshall, V.G., Reeves, R.M., and Norton, R.A.. 1987. Catalogue of the Oribatida (Acari) of Continental United States and Canada. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 139: 418 pp.Google Scholar
Michael, A.D. 1885. New British Oribatida. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society 5: 385–397 + pl. 7.Google Scholar
Mihelčič, F. 1963. Zur Systematik, Geographie und okologie der Gattung Eremaeus (Acarina-Oribatei). Eos 38: 567–599.Google Scholar
Mitchell, M.J. 1977. Population dynamics of oribatid mites (Acari, Cryptostigmata) in an aspen woodland soil. Pedobiologia 17: 305–319.Google Scholar
Mitchell, M.J. 1978. Vertical and horizontal distributions of oribatid mites (Acari: Cryptostigmata) in an aspen woodland soil. Ecology 59(3): 516–525.Google Scholar
Mitchell, M.J., and Parkinson, D.. 1976. Fungal feeding of oribatid mites (Acari: Cryptostigmata) in an aspen woodland soil. Ecology 57: 302–312.Google Scholar
Norton, R.A., and Kethley, J.B.. 1989. Berlese's North American oribatid mites: Historical notes, recombinations, synonymies and type designations. Redia 62: 421–499.Google Scholar
Oudemans, A.C. 1900. Remarks on the denomination of the genera and higher groups in “Das Tierreich”. Oribatidae. Tijdschrift Entomologie 43: 140–149.Google Scholar
Piffl, E. 1965. Eine neue Diagnose für die Familie der Eremaeidae (Oribatei-Acari) nach Zwei neuen Arten aus dem Karakorum (Proteremaeus jonasi nov. gen., nov. spec. und Eremaeus roissi nov. spec.). Oesterreichische Akademie Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Sitzungsberichte, Abteilung I 174: 363–385.Google Scholar
Schuster, R. 1956. Der anteil der Oribatiden an den Zersetzungsvorgängen im Boden. Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Oekologie der Tiere 45: 1–33.Google Scholar
Sellnick, M. 1928. Formenkreis Hornmiiben, Oribatei. In Brohmer, P., Tierwelt Mitteleuropas 3: 1–42.Google Scholar
Travé, J., and Vachon, M.. 1975. François Grandjean 1882–1975 (Notice biographique et bibliographique). Acarologia 17: 1–19.Google Scholar
Wallwork, J.A. 1972. Mites and other microarthropods from the Joshua Tree National monument, California. Journal Zoology, London 168: 91–105.Google Scholar
Walter, D.E., and Norton, R.A.. 1984. Body size distribution in sympatric oribatid mites (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) from California pine litter. Pedobiologia 27: 9–106.Google Scholar
Wiley, E.O. 1981. Phylogenetics: The Theory and Practice of Phylogenetic Systematics. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY. xv + 439 pp.Google Scholar
Willmann, C. 1931. Moosmilben oder Oribatiden (Oribatei). pp. 79–200in Dahl, F. (Ed.), Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, Vol. 22. V.G. Fischer, Jena. 200 pp.Google Scholar
Woolley, T.A. 1957. Redescriptions of Ewing's oribatid mites, III. Family Eremaeidae (Acarina: Oribatei). Entomological News 68: 147–156.Google Scholar
Woolley, T.A. 1964. A new species of Eremaeus from Colorado with notes on North American representatives of the genus (Acarina: Oribatei, Eremaeidae). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 83: 29–32.Google Scholar
Woolley, T.A., and Higgins, H.G.. 1968. Megeremaeidae, a new family of oribatid mites (Acari: Cryptostigmata). Great Basin Naturalist 28(4): 172–175.Google Scholar