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Anatomical, Phytochemical, and Histochemical Study of Juniperus rigida Needles at Different Altitudes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 August 2019

Shun Kuang ,
Linfang Liu ,
Mingliang Qing ,
Yujia Zhang ,
Xueping Feng ,
Dongmei Wang ,
Yun Jiang ,
Xin Zhang  and
Dengwu Li
Shun Kuang
Affiliation:
College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
Linfang Liu
Affiliation:
College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
Mingliang Qing
Affiliation:
College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
Yujia Zhang
Affiliation:
College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
Xueping Feng
Affiliation:
College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
Dongmei Wang
Affiliation:
College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
Yun Jiang*
Affiliation:
College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
Xin Zhang*
Affiliation:
College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
Dengwu Li*
Affiliation:
College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
*
*Authors for correspondence: Yun Jiang, E-mail: 27336785@qq.com; Xin Zhang, E-mail: xin.zhang@nwsuaf.edu.cn; and Dengwu Li, E-mail: dengwuli@163.com
*Authors for correspondence: Yun Jiang, E-mail: 27336785@qq.com; Xin Zhang, E-mail: xin.zhang@nwsuaf.edu.cn; and Dengwu Li, E-mail: dengwuli@163.com
*Authors for correspondence: Yun Jiang, E-mail: 27336785@qq.com; Xin Zhang, E-mail: xin.zhang@nwsuaf.edu.cn; and Dengwu Li, E-mail: dengwuli@163.com
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Abstract

Needles of Juniperus rigida are used in Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of brucellosis, dropsy, skin disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. This is the first study that reports anatomical structures of the J. rigida needles collected at different altitudes. The most common anatomical, phytochemical, and histochemical techniques and methods are used. The results show that anatomical structures and chemical composition change significantly at different altitudes. The main anatomical characters are significant xeromorphic structures (thick epidermis, hypodermis, and cuticle), a stomatal band, a developed vascular bundle, and a marginal resin duct. The xeromorphic structures become more pronounced with increasing altitude. The phytochemical and histochemical results demonstrate that the content of the main chemical compounds (phenols and terpenoids) basically increases at a higher elevation. Histochemical analysis localizes the phenols in epidermal cells, sponge tissue, endothelial layer cells, and stomatal bands, and the terpenoids in palisade tissue, sponge tissue, and the edge of the resin duct. This work reveals the relation between anatomy and chemistry in J. rigida needles, contributes to the quality control of its ethno-medicine, and provides the evidence to develop the commercial cultivation.

Keywords

altitudeanatomyhistochemistryJuniperus rigida needlesphytochemistry
Type
Biological Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 25 , Issue 5 , October 2019 , pp. 1213 - 1223
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2019 

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