Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-2xdlg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-20T08:42:17.801Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Microstructural Characterization of Consolidant Products for Historical Renders: An Innovative Nanostructured Lime Dispersion and a More Traditional Ethyl Silicate Limewater Solution

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 October 2012

Giovanni Borsoi ,
Martha Tavares ,
Rosário Veiga  and
Antonio Santos Silva
Giovanni Borsoi*
Affiliation:
National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, LNEC, Building Department, Av. doBrasil, n. 106, Lisbon, Portugal
Martha Tavares
Affiliation:
National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, LNEC, Building Department, Av. doBrasil, n. 106, Lisbon, Portugal
Rosário Veiga
Affiliation:
National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, LNEC, Building Department, Av. doBrasil, n. 106, Lisbon, Portugal
Antonio Santos Silva
Affiliation:
National Laboratory for Civil Engineering, Materials Department, Av. doBrasil, n. 106, Lisbon, Portugal
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: gborsoi@lnec.pt
Get access

Abstract

The conservation and durability of historical renders must be carried out through compatible techniques and materials. An important operation is the restitution of historical renders cohesion, turned friable by the loss of binder, usually due to physical and/or chemical actions. Surface consolidation is based on the use of materials with aggregating properties. This operation is reached usually through the application of organic or mineral consolidants, but inorganic consolidants are becoming preferred due to better compatibility and durability. In this article two mineral compatible consolidation products were studied: a commercial suspension of calcium hydroxide nanoparticles in propanol and a limewater dispersion of ethyl silicate. Microscopy (optical and scanning electron microscopy) and X-ray microanalyses of the consolidation products and of the consolidated mortar specimens were carried out. To assess the mechanical properties and product's efficacy, analyses of the compression, flexural strength, and superficial hardness were performed. Microscopy results show that limewater dispersion of ethyl silicate forms platelike silica gels, which can interfere in product penetration. Otherwise, nanolime particles permit homogeneous distribution and optimum penetration on the treated substrate, improving cementing action and the agglomeration process.

Keywords

consolidation productscompatibilitynanoproductshistorical renders
Type
Materials Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 18 , Issue 5 , October 2012 , pp. 1181 - 1189
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Brajes, I. & Kalsbeek, N. (1999). Limewater absorption and calcite crystal formation on a limewater-impregnated secco wall painting. Stud Conserv 44(3), 145–156.Google Scholar
Daniele, V., Taglieri, G. & Quaresima, R. (2008). The nanolimes in Cultural Heritage conservation: Characterization and analysis of the carbonatation process. J Cult Herit 9, 294–301.Google Scholar
Dei, L. & Salvadori, B. (2006). Nanotechnology in cultural heritage conservation: Nanometric slaked lime saves architectonic and artistic surface from decay. J Cult Herit 7, 110–115.Google Scholar
Domaslowski, W. & Lucaszewicz, J.W. (1998). Possibilities of silica application in consolidation of stone monument. In 6th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone. Torun, Poland: Nicholas Copernicus University Press. Google Scholar
Drdácký, M. & Slízkova, Z. (2008). Calcium hydroxide based consolidation of lime mortars and stone. In 1st Historical Mortars Conference HMC08—Characterization, Diagnosis, Conservation, Repair and Compatibility. Lisbon: LNEC. Google Scholar
Giorgi, R., Dei, L. & Baglioni, P. (2000). A new method for consolidating wall paintings based on dispersions of lime in alcohol. Stud Conserv 45, 154–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gullotta, D., Tedeschi, C., Binda, L. & Toniolo, L. (2008). Durability of porous material to salt decay. In 11th International Congress in Deterioration and Conservation Stone, Torun, Poland, pp. 19–136.Google Scholar
Hansen, E., Doehne, E., Fidler, J., Larson, J., Martin, B, Matteini, M., Rodrigues-Navarro, C., Sebastian Pardo, E., Price, P., de Tagle, A., Teutonico, J.M. & Weiss, N. (2003). A review of selected inorganic consolidants and protective treatment for porous calcareous materials. Rev Conserv 4, 13–25.Google Scholar
Horie, C. (1990). Materials for Conservation, Organic Consolidants, Adhesives and Coatings. London, Boston: Butterworths Editions.Google Scholar
López-Arce, P., Gomez-Villalba, L.S., Pinho, L., Fernández-Valle, M.E., Álvarez de Buergo, M. & Fort, R. (2010). Influence in the porosity and relative humidity on consolidation of dolostone with calcium hydroxide nanoparticles: Effectiveness assessment with non-destructive techniques. Mater Character 61, 168–184.Google Scholar
Moreau, C., Slíkova, Z. & Drdácký, M. (2010). Strengthening of pure lime mortars with nanoparticles of calcium hydroxides. In 2nd Historic Mortars Conference HMC10 and RILEM 203-RHM Final Workshop, Prague, pp. 1113–1122.Google Scholar
Moropoulou, A., Tsiourva, T., Michalidis, P., Biscontin, G. & Zendri, E. (1997). Evaluation of consolidation treatments of porous stones: Application on the medieval city of Rhodes. In Fourth International Symposium on the Conservation of Monuments in the Mediterranean Basin, Rhodes. Google Scholar
Ralph, K. (1979). The Chemistry of Silica. New York: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Rodriguez-Navarro, C., Ruiz-Agudo, E., Ortega-Huertas, M. & Hansen, E. (2005). Nanostructure and irreversible colloidal behaviour of Ca(OH)2: Implications in cultural heritage conservation. Langmuir 21, 10948–10957.Google Scholar
Salvadori, B. & Dei, L. (2001). Synthesis of Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles from diols. Langmuir 12, 2371–2374.Google Scholar
Santos Silva, A., Borsoi, G., Veiga, R., Fragata, A., Tavares, M. & Llera, F. (2010). Physico-chemical characterization of the plasters from the church of Santissimo Sacramento in Alcântara. In 2nd Historic Mortars Conference HMC10 and RILEM 203-RHM Final Workshop, Prague, pp. 345–357.Google Scholar
Tavares, M., Veiga, R. & Fragata, A. (2008a). Conservation of old renderings—The consolidation of renders with loss of cohesion. In 1st Historical Mortars Conference HMC08—Characterization, Diagnosis, Conservation, Repair and Compatibility. Lisbon: LNEC. Google Scholar
Tavares, M., Veiga, R., Fragata, A. & Aguiar, J. (2008b). Consolidation of renderings simulating stone in the façade of LNEC's building. In International Symposium on Stone Consolidation in Cultural Heritage, Lisbon, pp. 121–129. Available at http://conservarcal.lnec.pt.Google Scholar
Toniolo, L., Paradisi, A., Goidanich, S. & Pennati, G., (2010). Mechanical behaviour of lime based mortars after surface consolidation. Construct Build Mater 25(4), 1553–1559.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Veiga, M.R., Fragata, A., Tavares, M., Magalhães, A. & Ferreira, N. (2009). Inglesinhos Convent: Compatible renders and other measures to mitigate water capillary rising problem. Int J Build Appraisal 5(2), 171–185.Google Scholar
Veiga, M.R., Fragata, A., Velosa, A.L., Magalhães, A.C. & Margalha, M.G. (2010). Lime-based mortars: Viability for use as substitution renders in historical buildings. Int J Archit Herit 4(2), 177–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zendri, E., Biscontin, G., Nardini, I. & Rialto, S. (2007). Characterization and reactivity of silicatic consolidants. Construct Build Mater 21, 1098–1106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ziegenbalg, G., Brümmer, K. & Pianski, J. (2010). Nano-Lime—A new material for the consolidation and conservation for historical mortars. In 2nd Historic Mortars Conference HMC10 and RILEM 203-RHM Final Workshop, Prague, pp. 1301–1310.Google Scholar