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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 November 2008
In the late autumn of 1868 political events in Japan were no longer focused exclusively on Edo, Ōsaka and the lands of the south-western han; all of which could be easily visited by British sailors and diplomats. The Imperial armies had won important victories at Fushimi and Ueno but they had still not gained control of the whole of Japan. The last Shōgun had retired from the conifict but his supporters still mounted stubborn military resistance in Northern Honshū. At this stage it was important for Britain to know the state of this civil war and its likely outcome.
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4 Short as it was the civil war was something of a hindrance to trade, e.g. Matheson, Jardine papers (Cambridge University Library), Hyōgo (21), 1 November 1868, Storm to Keswick ‘As soon as our currency is settled and an end made to the fighting, we may look for a large business being done here.’Google Scholar
5 Hammond papers FO 391/14, Osaka, 5 January 1868. Parkes to Hammond ‘there is always the danger of many civil passions being let loose when once the sword is drawn especially in a semi-civilized country.’Google Scholar
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12 e.g. Dickens, F. V., Life of Sir Harry Parkes, Vol. 2 (London, 1894), p. 157.Google Scholar
13 FO Japan 98, enclosure in Parkes, Private, 4 November 1868. Memorandum of Dr Willis of a journey from Yedo to Takata made at the instance of the Japanese Government to render medical assistance to wounded men, 17 October 1868.Google Scholar
14 Ibid.
15 FO Japan 98, enclosure in Parkes, Private, 4 November 1868. Memorandum of Dr Willis of a journey from Yedo to Takata made at the instance of the Japanese Government to render medical assistance to wounded men, 17 October 1868.Google Scholar
16 Ibid.
17 FO Japan 98, enclosure in Parkes, Private, 4 November 1868. Memorandum of Dr Willis of a journey from Yedo to Takata made at the instance of the Japanese Government to render medical assistance to wounded men, 17 October 1868.Google Scholar
18 Ibid.
19 Ibid.
20 Ibid.
21 Ibid.
22 FO Japan 98, enclosure in Parkes, Private, 4 November 1868. Memorandum of Dr Willis of a journey from Yedo to Takata made at the instance of the Japanese Government to render medical assistance to wounded men, 17 October 1868.Google Scholar
23 Ibid.
24 FO Japan 98, enclosure in Parkes, Private, 4 November 1868. Memorandum of Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Takata to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 25 October 1868.Google Scholar
25 Ibid.
26 FO Japan 98, enclosure in Parkes, Private, 4 November 1868. Memorandum of Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Takata to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 25 October 1868.Google Scholar
27 Later to become Yamagata Aritomo.Google Scholar
28 FO Japan 98, enclosure in Parkes, Private, 4 November 1868. Memorandum of Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Takata to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, October 1868.Google Scholar
29 FO Japan 98, enclosure in Parkes, Private, 2 December 1868. Memorandum of Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Kashiwasaki to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 3 November 1868.Google Scholar
30 Ibid.
31 FO Japan 98, enclosure in Parkes, Private, 2 December 1868, Willis to Parkes, 3 November 1868.Google Scholar
32 FO Japan 100, memorandum by Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Niigata to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 13 November 1868.Google Scholar
33 FO Japan 100, memorandum by Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Niigata to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 13 November 1868.Google Scholar
34 Ibid.
35 Ibid.
36 Ibid.
37 Ibid.
38 Ibid.
39 Ibid.
40 Ibid.
41 FO Japan 100, memorandum by Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Niigata to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 23 November 1868.Google Scholar
42 Ibid.
43 Ibid.
44 Ibid.
45 Ibid.
46 FO Japan 98, enclosure in Parkes, Private of 2 December 1868. Memorandum by Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Shibata to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 18 November 1868.Google Scholar
47 Ibid.
48 Ibid.
49 Ninnaji no Miya (a chizi of the Gummukan).Google Scholar
50 As note 46.Google Scholar
51 As note 46.Google Scholar
52 Ibid.
53 FO Japan 98, enclosure in Parkes, Private of 2 December 1868, Willis to Parkes, 18 November 1868.Google Scholar
54 FO Japan 98, enclosure in Parkes, Private of 2 December 1868. Memorandum by Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Shibata to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese.Google Scholar
55 Ibid.
56 Ibid.
57 FO Japan 106, enclosure 1 in no. 17, Parkes to Stanley, 26 January 1869. Memorandum by Dr Willis on the subject of his visit to Takata, Kashiwasaki, Neegata, Shibata, and Wakamatsu to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 23 January 1869.Google Scholar
58 FO Japan 106, enclosure 1 in no. 17, Parkes to Stanley, 26 January 1869. Memorandum by Dr Willis on the subject of his visit to Takata, Kashiwasaki, Neegata, Shibata, and Wakamatsu to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 23 January 1869.Google Scholar
59 Ibid.
60 Ibid.
61 Ibid.
62 FO Japan 106, enclosure 1 in no. 17, Parkes to Stanley, 26 January 1869. Memorandum by Dr Willis on the subject of his visit to Takata, Kashiwasaki, Neegata, Shibata, and Wakamatsu to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 23 January 1869.Google Scholar
63 Ibid.
64 Ibid.
65 Ibid.
66 FO Japan 106, enclosure 1 in no. 17, Parkes to Stanley, 26 January 1869. Memorandum to Dr Willis on the subject of his visit to Takata, Kashiwasaki, Neegata, Shibata, and Wakamatsu to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 23 January 1869.Google Scholar
67 Kyōto-Shugoshoku.Google Scholar
68 FO Japan 106, enclosure 1 in no. 17, Parkes to Stanley, 26 January 1869. Memorandum to Dr Willis on the subject of his visit to Takata, Kashiwasaki, Neegata, Shibata, and Wakamatsu to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 23 January 1869.Google Scholar
69 Ibid.
70 Ibid.
71 FO Japan 106, enclosure 1 in no. 77, Parkes to Stanley, 26 January 1869. Memorandum to Dr Willis on the subject of his visit to Takata, Kashiwasaki, Neegata, Shibata, and Wakamatsu to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 23 January 1869.Google Scholar
72 Ibid.
73 Ibid.
74 Ibid.
75 FO Japan 106, enclosure 1 in no. 17, Parkes to Stanley, 26 January 1869. Memorandum to Dr Willis on the subject of his visit to Takata, Kashiwasaki, Neegata, Shibata, and Wakamatsu to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese, 23 January 1869.Google Scholar
76 Ibid.
77 FO Japan 100, memorandum by Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Kashiwasaki to render medical attendance to wounded men, 12 December 1868.Google Scholar
78 FO Japan 100, memorandum by Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Kashiwasaki to render medical attendance to wounded men, 12 December 1868.Google Scholar
79 Ibid.
80 FO Japan 100, memorandum by Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Kashiwasaki to render medical attendance to wounded men, 22 December 1868.Google Scholar
81 FO Japan 106, no. 17, Parkes to Stanley, 26 January 1869.Google Scholar
82 FO Japan 100, memorandum by Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Kashiwasaki to render medical attendance to wounded men, 12 December 1868.Google Scholar
83 FO Japan 100, memorandum by Dr Willis on the occasion of his visit to Kashiwasaki to render medical attendance to wounded men, 12 December 1868.Google Scholar
84 Ibid.
85 FO Japan 106, enclosure 1 in no. 17, Parkes to Stanley of 26 January 1869. Memorandum by Dr Willis on the subject of his visit to Takata, Kashiwasaki, Neegata, Shibata, and Wakamatsu to render medical assistance to wounded Japanese.Google Scholar
86 Satow, E. M.: A Diplomat in Japan, (London 1921), pp. 405–408.Google Scholar
87 Beasley, W. G.: The Modern History of Japan, (London 1963), p. 99.Google Scholar
88 FO Japan 106, no. 23 Parkes to Stanley, 27 January 1869.Google Scholar
89 FO Japan 106, enclosure 3 in no. 23 of 27 January 1869. Petition of Tokugawa Kerai to the Mikado.Google Scholar
