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Concentration and Stress Evolution During Electromigration in Passivated Al(0.25 at. % Cu) Conductor Lines

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 March 2011

H.-K. Kao ,
G. S. Cargill III  and
C.-K. Hu
H.-K. Kao
Affiliation:
Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, gsc3@lehigh.edu
G. S. Cargill III
Affiliation:
Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, gsc3@lehigh.edu
C.-K. Hu
Affiliation:
IBM Research Division, T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598
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Abstract

We have used x-ray microbeam fluorescence and diffraction for in-situ measurements of electromigration-induced Cu diffusion and stress evolution in passivated, polycrystalline 10[.proportional]m-wide, 200[.proportional]m-long Al(0.25 at.% Cu) conductor lines. Cu migration is in the direction of the electron flow and is determined by the direction and magnitude of the current and by the temperature during electromigration. The effective charge and diffusivity of Cu in Al(Cu) have been obtained from analysis of the Cu concentration profiles. The evolution of electromigration-induced strains normal to the sample surface has been monitored by x-ray microbeam diffraction. A linear strain profile developed after about 9 hrs of electromigration with 1.5[.dotmath]105 A/cm2 at 300°C, corresponding to 3MPa/[.proportional]m equi-biaxial stress. From the Cu profile measured at the same time, the critical Cu concentration for significantly slowing down Al grain boundary diffusion is estimated to be ∼0.15 at. %. These data also confirm that downstream Cu transport is accompanied by a counter flow of Al in the upstream direction.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 612: Symposium D – Materials, Technology & Reliability for Advanced Interconnects.. , 2000 , D1.8.1
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2000

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