Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-hfldf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-02T07:26:00.062Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Fabrication Of Grin-Lenses By Contactless Electrophoretic-Gradient Formation In Transparent Nanocomposites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2011

P. W. Oliveira ,
M. Mennig  and
H. Schmidt
P. W. Oliveira
Affiliation:
Institute of New Materials, gem. GmbH, Im Stadtwald 43, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
M. Mennig
Affiliation:
Institute of New Materials, gem. GmbH, Im Stadtwald 43, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
H. Schmidt
Affiliation:
Institute of New Materials, gem. GmbH, Im Stadtwald 43, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
Get access

Abstract

A new approach to effective radial gradient refractive index (GRIN) lenses has been developed. It is based on the electrophoresis of ZrO2 nanoparticles with surface charges (ζ-potential) in a solvent free organic-inorganic hybrid matrix, synthesized from dodecandioldimethacrylate (DDDMA), methacryl silane (MPTS) and a complex of zirconium n-propylate (ZR) with methacrylic acid (MA). A DC-electric field of 2000 V/cm is applied by a set of ring electrodes on top and bottom of a cylindrical mould containing the matrix sol. The refractive index profile is measured in situ as a function of time by interferometry. The refractive index profile can be conserved by photopolymerisation of the matrix. The resulting refractive index profiles are calculated by computer simulation based on electrophoretical diffusion theory and they are measured by real time Mach-Zehnder Interferometry. The parabolic refractive index gradient of the lenses obtained by variation of concentration of ZrO2 is in very good agreement with the result of computer simulation. By this method, it is possible to obtain 1 cm radial GRIN lenses with a Δn=0.07 within 5 h.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 576: Symposium DD – Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials II , 1999 , 421
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

[1] Maxwell, J. C., Cambridge and Dublin Mathematical Journal, 8, p188 (1854).Google Scholar
[2] Hovestadt, H., Jena Glass and Its Scietific and Industrial Applications sec. 29, pp. 66–70, (1902).Google Scholar
[3] Kitano, I., Koizumi, K., Matsumura, H., Prodeedings of 1st conference on solid state devices, J. Japan Society of applied Physics., 39, p 6371 (1970).Google Scholar
[4] Beltrami, D. R., Love, J. D., Durandet, A., Boswell, R. W., Samoc, A., Samoc, M., 20th Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology (ACOFT ‘95). ProceedingsMilsons Point, NSW, Australia: IREE Soc, 1995. p.295–8 (1995).Google Scholar
[5] Pickering, M. A., Taylor, R. L., Moore, D., D. Gradient infrared optical material prepared by a chemical vapour deposition process Applied Optics, vol 25 (19), pp 3364–3372 1986 Google Scholar
[6] Sklyar, I. E., Tukhvatulin, A. S., Kosyakov, V. I., Bukhbinder, T. L., Technical Physics 40, no.4, p.316–21 (1995).Google Scholar
[7] Yamane, M., Kawazoe, H., Yasumori, A., Takahashi, T., Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 100, p.506–510 (1988).10.1016/0022-3093(88)90072-5Google Scholar
[8] Yamane, M., Sol-Gel optics III-SPIE vol. 2288, 554 (1994).Google Scholar
[9] Warashina, Y., Ilda, T., Ikeya, T., Kyomasu, M., Published by: SPIE, Optical Engineering 35, no.11, p.3110–3116 (1996).Google Scholar
[10] Jung, Sang-Don; Song, Seok Ho; Hwang, Wol-Yon; Lee, El-Hang, , LEOS ‘95. IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society 1995 Annual Meeting. 8th Annual Meeting. New York, NY, USA: IEEE,. 2 p. 120–121 (1995).Google Scholar
[11] Koike, Y., Tanio, N., Nihei, E., Ohtsuka, Y., Polymer Engineering and Science .29, no.17 (1989).10.1002/pen.760291712Google Scholar
[12] Koike, Y., Hidaka, H., Ohtsuka, Y.,. Applied Optics vol.24, no.24 (1985).10.1364/AO.24.004321Google Scholar
[13] US5567363: Manufacturing method of a polymer GRIN lens using sulfonationGoogle Scholar
[14] US5095079: Method and device for producing a graded index polymerGoogle Scholar
[15] Oliveira, P. W., Krug, H., Schmidt, H., SPIE, vol. 3136, p. 442–451 (1997).Google Scholar
[16] Krug, H., Schmidt, H., ,, First Workshop on Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Materials, Chiteau de Bierville, 127–140 (1993).Google Scholar
[17] Krug, H., Schmidt, H., ,, First Workshop on Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Materials, Chateau de Bierville, 127–140 (1993).Google Scholar
[18] Oliveira, P.W., Krug, H., MOller, P., Schmidt, H., Bette Ceramic MRS Better Ceramic Through Chemistry VII Organic inorgani Hybrid Materilas.., pp 13–25 (1996).Google Scholar
[19] Oliveira, P. W., Krug, H., Kunstle, H., Schmidt, H., Sol-Gel optics III-SPIE vol. 2288, 554, (1994).10.1117/12.188991Google Scholar
[20] Schmidt, H., Oliveira, P. W., Krug, H., Ceramic MRS Better Ceramic Through Chemistry VII Organic inorganic Hybrid Materilas, pp 135–1411 (1996).Google Scholar
[21] Deyl, Z., Electrophresis: Asurvey of thechniques an applications., Edited by Elsevier, 1979 Google Scholar