Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-22dnz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-29T15:02:04.923Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Hardening by Point Defects and Solutes in B2 Intermetallics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2011

L. M. Pike ,
Y. A. Chang ,
C. T. Liu  and
I. M. Anderson
L. M. Pike
Affiliation:
Engineering and Technology, Haynes International, Kokomo, IN
Y. A. Chang
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
C. T. Liu
Affiliation:
Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
I. M. Anderson
Affiliation:
Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
Get access

Abstract

This paper provides a review of recent progress on point defect and solute hardening in binary and ternary B2 intermetallics. As is the case for disordered metallic solutions, the presence of point defects and solute atoms in ordered intermetallic compounds results in solid solution hardening (SSH). However, factors unique to ordered systems are often responsible for unusual hardening effects. Binary compounds with identical crystal structures can exhibit significantly different hardness behavior. Ternary solute additions to ordered compounds can give rise to apparent solid solution softening as well as unexpectedly rapid hardening. These effects arise from the interaction of multiple defect types as well as the presence of multiple sublattice sites available for solute occupation. Therefore, before the SSH behavior of ordered intermetallics can be properly studied, it is necessary to develop an understanding of the types and quantities of the point defects which are present. Three recent studies by the authors are reviewed. Much of the work was done on NiAl and FeAl in binary form as well as with ternary additions. Defect concentrations over wide ranges in alloy composition and quenching temperature were determined using the ALCHEMI (atom location by channeling enhanced microanalysis) technique combined with vacancy measurements. Hardness values were also measured. It was found that most of the observed SSH effects could be rationalized on the basis of the measured point defect concentrations.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 753: Symposium BB – Defect Properties and Related Phenomena in Intermetallic Alloys , 2002 , BB1.2
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Chang, Y.A. and Neumann, J.P., Prog. Solid State Chem. 14, 221 (1982).Google Scholar
2. Neumann, J.P., Acta Met. 24, 1165 (1980).Google Scholar
3. Wasilewski, R.J., J. Phys. Chem. Solids 29, 39 (1968).Google Scholar
4. Pike, L.M., Chang, Y.A., and Liu, C.T., Acta Mater. 45, 3709 (1997).Google Scholar
5. Pike, L.M., Chang, Y.A., and Liu, C.T., Acta Mater. 50, 3859 (2002).Google Scholar
6. Pike, L.M., Anderson, I.M., and Liu, C.T., unpublished research.Google Scholar
7. Ipser, H., Neumann, J.P., and Chang, Y.A., Monatsh. Chem. 107, 1471 (1976).Google Scholar
8. Neumann, J.P., Chang, Y.A. and Lee, C.M., Acta Metall. 24, 593 (1976).Google Scholar
9. Westbrook, J., J. Electochem. Soc. 103, 54 (1956).Google Scholar
10. Nagpal, P. and Baker, I., Metall. Trans. 21A, 2281 (1990).Google Scholar
11. Georgopoulos, P. and Cohen, J.B., Scr. Met. 11, 147 (1977).Google Scholar
12. Taylor, A. and Doyle, N.J., J. Appl. Cryst. 5, 210 (1972).Google Scholar
13. Jacobi, H. and Engel, H.J., Acta Met. 19, 701 (1971).Google Scholar
14. Bradley, A.J. and Taylor, A., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A159, 56 (1937).Google Scholar
15. Zelenin, L. P., Bashkatov, A.N., Sidorenko, F.A., and Gel'd, P.V., Fiz. Metal. Metalloved 30, 740 (1970).Google Scholar
16. Yang, W.J. and Dodd, R.A., Scr. Met. 8, 237 (1974).Google Scholar
17. Fleischer, R. L., in The Strengthening of Metals, edited by Peckner, D. (Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1964), pp. 93–140.Google Scholar
18. Simmons, G. and Wang, H., Single Crystal Elastic Constants and Calculated Aggregate Properties: A Handbook, 2nd ed. (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1971).Google Scholar
19. Riviere, J. P., Mat. Res. Bull. 12, 995 (1977).Google Scholar
20. Xiao, H. and Baker, I., Acta Met. 43, 391 (1995).Google Scholar
21. Kogachi, M. and Haraguchi, T., Mat. Sci. Eng., A230, 124 (1997).Google Scholar
22. Chang, Y.A., Pike, L.M., Liu, C.T., Bilbrey, A.R. and Stone, D.S., Intermetallics 1, 107 (1993).Google Scholar
23. Pike, L M., Liu, C.T., and Chang, Y.A., Metall. and Mater. Trans. 29A, 1911(1998).Google Scholar
24. Mishima, Y., Ochiai, S., Hamao, N., Yodogawa, M., and Suzuki, T., Trans. Japan Inst. Metals 27, 648 (1986).Google Scholar
25. Schneibel, J.H., George, E.P., Specht, E.D., and Horton, J.A.,in High Temperature Ordered Intermetallic Alloys VI, edited by Horton, J.A., Baker, I., Hanada, S., Noebe, R.D., Schwartz, D.S. (Mater. Res. Soc. Proc. 364, Pittsburgh, PA 1994) pp. 73–8.Google Scholar
26. Schneibel, J.H., Specht, E.D., and Simpson, W.A., Intermetallics 4, 581 (1996).Google Scholar
27. Pike, L.M., Chang, Y.A., and Liu, C.T., Intermetallics 5, 601 (1997).Google Scholar
28. Anderson, I.M., Acta Mater. 45, 3897 (1997).Google Scholar
29. Anderson, I.M., Intermetallics 7, 1017 (1999).Google Scholar
30. Kao, C.R., Pike, L.M., Chen, S.-L., and Chang, Y.A., Intermetallics 2, 235 (1994).Google Scholar
31. Schneibel, J.H., Munroe, P.R., and Pike, L.M., in High Temperature Ordered Intermetallic Alloys VII, edited by Koch, C.C., Liu, C.T., Stoloff, N.S., and Wanner, A. (Mater. Res. Soc. Proc. 460, Pittsburgh, PA, 1996) pp. 379–84.Google Scholar
32. Schneibel, J.H., Specht, E.D., Munroe, P.R., Materials Science and Engineering A239–240, 245 (1997).Google Scholar
33. Munroe, P.R. and Kong, C.H., in Interstitial Solute Effects in Intermetallics, edited by Baker, I., Noebe, R.D., and George, E.P. (TMS Publication, Warrendale, PA, 1998) pp. 3–22.Google Scholar
34. Liu, C.T., Fu, C.L., Pike, L.M., and Easton, D.S., Acta Mat. 50, 3203 (2002).Google Scholar