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The Role of Type I Collagen Molecular Structure in Tendon Elastic Energy Storage

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

Joseph W. Freeman ,
Frederick H. Silver ,
Mia D. Woods  and
Cato T. Laurencin
Joseph W. Freeman
Affiliation:
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA 22903
Frederick H. Silver
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School 675 Hoes Lane Piscataway, NJ 08854
Mia D. Woods
Affiliation:
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA 22903
Cato T. Laurencin
Affiliation:
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA 22903 Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA 22903 Department of Chemical Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA 22903
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Abstract

In order to facilitate locomotion and limb movement many animals store energy elastically in their tendons. The formation of crosslinked collagen fibers in tendons results in the conversion of weak, liquid-like embryonic tissues into tough elastic solids that can store energy and perform work. Collagen fibers in the form of fascicles are the major structural units found in tendons. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on collagen self-assembly and tendon development and to relate this information to the development of elastic energy storage in nonmineralizing and mineralizing tendons. Of particular interest is the mechanism by which energy is stored in tendons during locomotion. In the turkey, much of the force generated by the gastrocnemius muscle is stored as elastic energy during tendon deformation and not within the muscle. As limbs move, the tendons are strained, causing the collagen fibers in the extracellular matrices to stretch. Through the analysis of turkey tendons, collagen fibers, and a molecular model, it is hypothesized that elastic energy is stored in the flexible regions of the collagen molecule. Data from the molecular model, mineralized fibers, and turkey tendons show that the presence of calcium and phosphate ions causes an increase in elastic energy stored per unit strain. Based on the theoretical modeling studies, the increase in stress with strain is a result of the initiation of stretching of the rigid regions of collagen molecules.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 874: Symposium l – Structure and Mechanical Behavior of Biological Materials , 2005 , L1.6
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2005

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