Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-5nwft Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-15T09:25:21.480Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

1992: Removing the Barriers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 March 2020

AD van de Gevel
Affiliation:
Tilburg University and NIESR
David G. Mayes
Affiliation:
Tilburg University and NIESR

Extract

In the four years that have elapsed since the publication of the European Commission's White Paper on ‘Completing the Internal Market’ in June 1985 understanding of the issues involved in removing the various physical, fiscal and technical barriers to having a ‘single market’ in Europe has developed considerably. The public debate has gone through a series of phases, starting with scepticism, strikingly translated into enthusiasm and almost euphoria during 1988, to be replaced with serious concerns about many specific areas as general principles have come to be replaced by detailed proposals by the European Commission. The member states signed the Single European Act in 1986 for a variety of motives and it is often only when explicit proposals are tabled that the conflicting objectives and detailed implications become obvious.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © 1989 National Institute of Economic and Social Research

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arthur, W.B. (1989), ‘Competing technologies, increasing returns, and lock-in by historical events’, Economic Journal, vol. 99, March.10.2307/2234208CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braunstein, Y.M. and White, L.J. (1985), ‘Setting technical compatability standards: an economic analysis’, Antitrust Bulletin, Summer.Google Scholar
David, P.A. (1985), ‘Clio and the economics of QWERTY’, American Economic Review, vol. 75, no.2, May.Google Scholar
David, P.A. (1987), ‘Some new standards for the economics of standardisation in the information age’, in P. Dasgupta and P. Stoneman (eds.) Economic Policy and Technological Perfonnance, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Emerson, M., Aujean, M., Carnat, M., Goybet, P. and Jacquemin, A. (1983), The Economics of 1992: the EC Commission's Assessment of the Economic Effects of Completing the internal Market, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
European Commission (1988a), ‘High technology and prestandardisation’, Com(88) 314 final.Google Scholar
European Commission (1988b), ‘Policy statement on technical specifications, testing and certification’, CERTIF 88/10 McM/MW, 19th Nozember.Google Scholar
Farell, J. and Saloner, G. (1985). ‘Standardisation, compatibility and innovation’, Rand Journal of Economics, vol. 16, no.1Spring.Google Scholar
Farell, J. and Saioner, G. (1986a) ‘Installed base and compatibility: innovation product preannouncements and predetion’, American Economic Review, December.Google Scholar
Farell, J. and Saicner, G. (1986b), ‘Standaroisation and variety’, Economic Letters, vol. 20.Google Scholar
Farell, J. and Saloner, G. (1987), ‘Competition, compatibility and standards: the economics of horses, penguins and lemmings’, chapter 1 in Gabel(1987).Google Scholar
Gabel, H. Landis, (ed.) (1987), Product Standardisation and Competitive Strategy, Elsevier Science Publishers, (North-Holland).Google Scholar
Groupe MAC (1988), ‘Technical barriers in the EC: an illustration by six industries' Research on the ‘Cost of non-Europe’, Basic Findings, vol. 6, European Commission.Google Scholar
GEWIPLAN (Gesellschaft für Wirtschaftsörderung und Markt Planung) (1988), ‘The cost of non-Europe’, Some case studies on technical carriers, Basic Findings, vol.6, European Commission.Google Scholar
Katz, M.L. and Shapiro, C. (1985), ‘Network externalities, competition and compatibility’, American Economic Review, June.Google Scholar
Katz, M.L. and Shapiro, C. (1 986a), ‘Product compatibility choice in a market with technological progress’, Oxford Economic Papers, vol. 38.10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a041761CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katz, M.L. and Shapiro, C., (1 986b), ‘Technology adoption in the presence of network externalities’, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 94, no.4.10.1086/261409CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lecraw, D. (1984), ‘Some economic effects of standards’, Applied Economics, vol. 16.10.1080/00036848400000066CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matudes, C. and Regibeau, P. (1988), ‘“Mix and match”, product compatibly without network externalities’, Rand Journal of Economics, vol. 19, no.2, Summer.Google Scholar
Nerb, G. (1988), ‘The completion of the internal market: a survey of European industry's perception of the likely effects’, Research on the ‘Cost of Non-Europe’, Basic findings vol.3, European Commission.Google Scholar
Schrieber, K. (1989), ‘Norms and standards and 1992: the new approach to technical harmonisation’, mimeo, Institut für Europaische Politik, June.Google Scholar
Vickers, J. (1989), ‘New directions for industrial policy in the area of regulatory reform’, paper presented at the Anglo-German conference on European Industrial Policy, Berlin, July.Google Scholar