Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-75dct Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-17T00:10:49.625Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

István Széchenyi, the casino movement, and Hungarian nationalism, 1827–1848

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Alexander Maxwell  and
Alexander Campbell
Alexander Maxwell
Affiliation:
History Programme, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
Alexander Campbell
Affiliation:
History Programme, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The establishment of the Nemzeti Casino (National Casino) in Pest helped establish civil society in nineteenth-century Hungary. Count István Széchenyi, hoping to modernize Hungary on the English model, established the casino in 1827 as a public forum for the Hungarian nobility. By transcending caste divisions between nobles and bourgeois elites, Széchenyi's casino served as an unofficial parliament and stock exchange, and generally helped cultivate Hungarian patriotism. The Pest Casino inspired a nation-wide trend for casinos, which in turn formed a civil society in opposition to Habsburg absolutism. Yet when the casino movement spread to Hungary's minority nationalities, Jews, Slovaks, Romanians, and particularly Croats, the casino also contributed to national divisions in Hungary's ethnically diverse population that affected the course of the 1848 Revolution.

Keywords

HungarySzéchenyicasinoReform Erasocial network
Type
Articles
Information
Nationalities Papers , Volume 42 , Issue 3 , May 2014 , pp. 508 - 525
Copyright
Copyright © 2014 Association for the Study of Nationalities 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alderstein, Johann. 1851. Chronologisches Tagebuch der magyarischen Revolution. Vienna: J. P. Solinger's Witwe.Google Scholar
Anderson, Benedict. 1983. Imagined Communities. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Anderson, Benedict. 2006. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Andics, Erzsébet. 1973. Metternich und die Frage Ungarns. Budapest: Akadémiai.Google Scholar
Andics, Erzsebét. 1975. Széchenyi and Metternich. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.Google Scholar
Angyal, Dávid. 1933. Gróf Széchenyi István és Kossuth Lajos vitája. Budapest: Emlékkönyv.Google Scholar
Anonymous. 1845. Der Sprachenkampf in Oesterreich. Leipzig: Mayer und Wigand.Google Scholar
Arató, Endre. 1960. A nemzetiségi kérdés története Magyarországon 1790–1848. Budapest: Akadémia.Google Scholar
Barany, George. 1963. “The Hungarian Diet of 1839–40 and the Fate of Széchenyi's Middle Course.” Slavic Review 22 (2): 285–303.Google Scholar
Barany, George. 1968. Stephen Széchenyi and the Awakening of Hungarian Nationalism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Barker, Vernon Duckworth. 1933. “Foundations of Magyar Society.” The Slavonic and East European Review 11 (32) (January): 388–396.Google Scholar
Benda, Kálmán. 1980. Magyarország története, Vol. 5,: 435–436. Budapest: Osiris.Google Scholar
Bielz, Eduard Albert. 1857. Handbuch der Landeskunde Siebenbürgens. Sibiu: Filtsch.Google Scholar
Billington, James. 1980. Fire in the Minds of Men: Origins of the Revolutionary Faith. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Blažeković, Zdravko. 1994. “Salonsko Kolo: Dance of Nineteenth-Century Croatian Ballrooms.” Dance Research: The Journal of the Society for Dance Research 12 (2) (Autumn): 114–126.Google Scholar
Claridge, R. T. 1839. A Guide down the Danube: From Paris to Marseilles. London: F.C. Westley.Google Scholar
Cohen, Jean and Arato, Andrew. 1992. Civil Society and Political Theory. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Colan, loan. 1935. Casina română din Braşov, 1835–1935. Braşov: Astra.Google Scholar
Connor, Walker. 1994. Ethnonationalism: The Quest for Understanding. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Csáky, Moritz. 1982a. “'Hungarus’ oder ‘Magyar', eine ‘realpolitische’ Alternative zur magyarischen Nationalstaatsidee?.” In Ungarn und Österreich unter Maria Theresia und Joseph II, edited by Adam Wandruszka, 71–84. Vienna: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Csáky, Moritz. 1982b. “Die Hungarus-Konzeption: Zwei Varianten des ungarischen Nationalbewußtseins zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts.” Annales: Sectio Historica 22: 71–89.Google Scholar
Dabu, Cristina-Maria. 2011. “Scurtă istorie a formării instituţiilor ştiinţifice româneşti.” Noema 10: 462–464. http://www.noema.crifst.ro/doc/2011_3_12.pdf Google Scholar
Deak, Istvan. 1990. Beyond Nationalism: A Social and Political History of the Habsburg Officer Corps. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dénes, Iván Zoltán. 1993. “The Value Systems of Liberals and Conservatives in Hungary, 1830–1848.” The Historical Journal 36 (4) (December): 825–850.Google Scholar
Dénes, Iván Zoltán. 2006. Liberty and the Search for Identity: Liberal Nationalisms and the Legacy of Empires. Budapest: Central European University Press.Google Scholar
Dessewffy, Auriél. 1843. “Ungarn und die Reisenden.” Vermischte Aufsätze und Bruchstücke aus Briefen, 1835–1842. Pest: Landerer und Heckenast.Google Scholar
Deutsch, Karl Wolfgang. 1953. Nationalism and Social Communication: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Nationality. Cambridge MA: Technology Press of Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Diani, Mario and McAdam, Doug (eds.). 2003. “Introduction.” Social Movements and Networks: Relational Approaches to Collective Action, 1–20. Oxford: OYP.Google Scholar
Elliott, Charles Boileau. 1838. Travels in the Three Great Empires of Austria, Russia, and Turkey. London: Richard Bentley.Google Scholar
Farkas, Sándor Bölöni. 1834. Útazás Észak Amerikában. Kolozsvár: I. T. János.Google Scholar
Farkas, Sándor Bölöni. 1943. Utazás nyugat-európában. Cluj: Minerva.Google Scholar
Farkas, Sándor Bölöni. 1977. Journey in North America. English translation of Utazás Észak Amerikában. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.Google Scholar
Farkas, Sándor Bölöni. 1980. Von Transsylvanien bis Pennsylvanien. German translation of Útazás Eszak Amerikában. Budapest: Corvina.Google Scholar
Fenyő, Ervin. 2001. “Another English Connection.” Hungarian Quarterly 42 (163) (Autumn): 65–86.Google Scholar
Frojimovics, Kinga and Komoróczy, Géza. 1999. Jewish Budapest: Monuments, Rites, History. Budapest: Central European University Press.Google Scholar
Gál, István. 1971. “Széchenyi and the U.S.A.” Angol Filológiai Tanulmányok/Hungarian Studies in English 5: 95–119. http://www.matarka.hu/cikk_list.php?fusz=63184 Google Scholar
Gellner, Ernst. 1983. Nations and Nationalism. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
de Gérando, Auguste. 1845a. Siebenbürgen und seine Bewohner. Leipzig: C. B. Lorck.Google Scholar
de Gérando, Auguste. 1845b. La Transylvanie et ses habitants. Paris: Imprimeurs-Unis.Google Scholar
Gergely, András. 2010. “Life and Afterlife: In Memoriam István Széchenyi.” Hungarian Quarterly 51 (200): 15–19.Google Scholar
Gneisse, Bettina. 1990. István Széchenyis Kasinobewegung im ungarischen Reformzeitalter (1825–1848): Ein Beitrag zur Erforschung der Anfänge der nationalliberalen Organisation im vormärzlichen Ungarn. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Habermas, Jürgen. 1974. “The Public Sphere: An Encyclopedia Article (1964).” New German Critique 1 (3): 49–55.Google Scholar
Häusler, Wolfgang. 1995. “Krise der ungarischen Revolution.” In Revolutionen in Ostmitteleuropa 1789–1989: Schwerpunkt Ungarn, edited by Karlheinz Mack, 59–69. Munich: Oldenbourg.Google Scholar
Hobsbawm, Eric. 1990. Nations and Nationalism since 1780. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Horváth, Mihály. 1867. Fünfundzwanzig Jahre aus der Geschichte Ungarns von 1823–1848. Leipzig: Brockhaus.Google Scholar
Isák, József. 1947. Nemzethalál-félelem a régi magyar kòltészetben. Cluj: Erdélyi Múzeum-Egyesület.Google Scholar
Islamov, Tofik. 1992. “From Natio Hungarica to Hungarian nation.” In Nationalism and Empire: The Habsburg Monarchy and the Soviet Union, edited by David Good, Richard Rudolph, 15–43. New York: St. Martin's Press.Google Scholar
Janos, Andrew. 1982. The Politics of Backwardness in Hungary, 1825–1945. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Katona, Anna. 1978. “American Influences on Hungarian Political Thinking from the American Revolution to the Centennial.” Canadian-American Review of Hungarian Studies 5 (1): 13–28.Google Scholar
Kedourie, Elie. 1985. Nationalism. London: Taylor and Francis.Google Scholar
Kohl, Johann Georg. 1843. Austria, Vienna, Hungary, Bohemia and the Danube, Galicia, Styria, Moravia, Bukovina, and the Military Frontier. London: Chapman and Hall.Google Scholar
Kohn, Hans. 1944. The Idea of Nationalism. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Korbuly, Dezső. 1971. “Nationalitätenfrage und Madjarisierung in Ungarn 1790–1918.” Österreichische Osthefte 13 (2): 153–161.Google Scholar
Kosa, John. 1954. “The Early Period of Anglo-Hungarian Contact.” American Slavic and East European Review 13 (3): 414–431.Google Scholar
Kowalská, Eva. 2012. “Títo malamešťania na niečo také ešte nadorástli kasína v Modre – neznáma súčast kasínového hnutia a procesu ‘národného prebúdzania'.” Historicky casopis 60 (1): 23–32.Google Scholar
Krickel, Josef. 1830. Fuβreise durch den gröβten Theil der österreichischen Staaten in den Jahren 1827, 1828, bus Ende Mai 1829. Vienna: M. Chr. Adolph.Google Scholar
Mályusz, Elmér. 1923. “A Reformkor nemzedéke.” Századok 57: 17–75. http://opac.regesta-imperii.de/lang_en/anzeige.php?aufsatz=A+reformkor+nemzed%C3%A9ke&pk=1531251 Google Scholar
Marczali, Henry. 1930. “A Hungarian Magnate at Cambridge in 1787.” Cambridge Historical Journal 3 (2): 212–227.Google Scholar
Miskolczy, Ambrus. 2002. “Hungarian Culture and the Goal of Liberal-National Transformation.” In History of Transylvania, Volume III: From 1830 to 1919, edited by Zoltán Szász, 114–120. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Müller, Gottfried. 1844. Magyaren-Spiegel, oder wahre Schilderung der Völker-Verfassung und Richtung des ungarischen Reiches neuester Zeit. Leipzig: Friedrich Volckmar.Google Scholar
Murányi, Lajos. 1993. A reformkori Fejér vármegye olvasáskultúrája. Székesfehérvár: Fejér Megyei Levéltár és a Vörösmarty Mihály Megyei Könyvtár.Google Scholar
Murray, John. 1844. A Handbook for Travellers in Southern Germany; Being a Guide to Würtemberg, Bavaria, Austria, Tyrol, Salzburg, Sty ria, etc., The Austrian and Bavarian Alps, and the Danube from Ulm to the Black Sea. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Nemes, Robert. 2001. “The Politics of the Dance Floor: Culture and Civil Society in Nineteenth-Century Hungary.” Slavic Review 60 (4): 802–823 (Winter).Google Scholar
Nimni, Ephraim. 1991. Marxism and Nationalism. London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Oberschall, Anthony. 1973. Social Conflict and Social Movements. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Paget, John. 1839. Hungary and Transylvania; With Remarks on their Condition, Social, Political, and Economical. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Pajkossy, Gábor. 1993. “Egyesületek Magyarországon és Erdélyben 1848 elát.” Korunk 2 (7): 103–109.Google Scholar
Paton, Andrew Archibald. 1861. Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic; or, Contributions to the Modern History of Hungary and Transylvania, Dalmatia and Croatia, Servia and Bulgaria. Leipzig: Brockhaus.Google Scholar
Péter, László. 1992. “The Aristocracy, the Gentry and Their Parliamentary Tradition in Nineteenth-Century Hungary.” Slavonic and East European Review 70 (1): 77–110.Google Scholar
Péter, László. 2012. Hungary's Long Nineteenth Century. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
PomlényiErvin, ed. 1975. A History of Hungary. London: Collet's.Google Scholar
Popova-Nowak, Irina. 2008. “The Odyssey of National Discovery: Hungarians in Hungary and Abroad, 1750–1850.” In Under Eastern Eyes: A Comparative Introduction to East European Travel Writing on Europe, edited by Wendy Bracewell, Alex Drace-Francis, 223–235. Budapest: Central European University Press.Google Scholar
Pulszky, Theresa. 1850. Memoirs of a Hungarian Lady. London: Henry Colburn.Google Scholar
Quin, Michael Joseph. 1836. A Steam Voyage Down the Danube; With sketches of Hungary, Wallachia, Servia, Turkey, &c. New York: T. Foster.Google Scholar
Roth, Ludwig. 1842. Der Sprachkampf in Siebenbürgen. Cluj: Johann Gött.Google Scholar
Silber, Michael. 1992. “The Entrance of Jews into Hungarian Society in Vormärz: the case of the ‘Casinos'.” In Assimilation and Community, edited by Jonathan Frankel, Steven Zipperstein, 284–323. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Anthony. 2001. Nationalism. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar
Spencer, Edmund. 1837. Travels in Circassia, Krim Tartary, &c; Including a Steam Voyage down the Danube, from Vienna to Constantinople and round the Black Sea in 1836. London: Henry Colburn.Google Scholar
Springer, Anton. 1865. Geschichte Oesterreichs seit dem Wiener Frieden 1809. Leipzig: S. Hirzel.Google Scholar
Stefan, Florin. 2004. “István Széchenyi şi romànii din Transilvania.” Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai – Historia 49 (2): 543–566.Google Scholar
Szabad, György. 1976. “A társadalmi átalakulás.” Valóság 5: 3.Google Scholar
Széchenyi, István. 1828. Lovakrul. Pest: Trattner and Károlyi.Google Scholar
Széchenyi, István. 1831. Világ, Vagyis Felvilágosító Töredékek Némi Hiba ‘s Elöitélet Eligazítására. Pest: Füstkuti Landerer Nyomtató Intézetében.Google Scholar
Széchenyi, István. 1832. Licht, oder Aufhellende Bruchstücke zur Berichtung einiger Irrthümer und Vorurtheile. Pest: O. Wigand.Google Scholar
Széchenyi, István and Döbrentei, Gabor. 1829. Pesti Casino Könyv. Pest: Trattner and Károly.Google Scholar
Széchenyi, István and Döbrentei, Gabor. 1830. Pesti Casino Könyv. Pest: Trattner and Károly.Google Scholar
Tait, William and Johnstone, Christian Isobel, eds. 1840. “Railroads and Steam Navigation in Austria.” Tait's Edinburgh Magazine vol. 7, no. 76 (April).Google Scholar
Teleki, Pál. 1923. The Evolution of Hungary and its Place in European History. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Thürheim, Andreas. 1864. Reminiscenzen Fragmente eines Tagebuches. Vienna: Geitler.Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles. 1978. From Mobilization to Revolution. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Tóth, Árpád. 2007. “Voluntary Society in Mid-Nineteenth Century Pest: Urbanization and the Changing Distribution of Power.” In Who Ran the Cities?: City Elites and Urban Power Structures in Europe and North America, 1750–1940, edited by Robert Beachy, 161–177. Ralf Roth, London: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Trócsányi, Zsolt. 2002. “Transition to the Reform Period.” In History of Transylvania, from 1606 to 1830, edited by László Makkai and Zoltán Szász, Vol. 2, 780–787. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Turczynski, Emanuel. 1985. Von der Aufklärung zum Frühliberalismus. Munich: Oldenbourg.Google Scholar
Ursan, Vasile. 2007. “Casina romànă din Sălişte.” Revista Transylvania 4–5: 105–110.Google Scholar
Varga, János. 1993. A Hungarian Quo Vadis: Political Trends and Theories of the Early 1840s. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.Google Scholar
Világosváry, Thomas [pseudonym of Johann Thomášek]. 1841. Der Sprachkampf in Ungarn. Zagreb: Illyrian National Typographie von Dr. Ljudevit Gaj.Google Scholar
Viszota, Gyula, ed. 1927. Széchenyi István Irói és hirlapi vitája Kossuth Lajossal. Budapest: Magyar Torténelmi Társulat.Google Scholar
Whitridge, Arnold. 1949. Men in Crisis: The Revolutions of1848. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.Google Scholar
Zamoyski, Adam. 1999. Holy Madness: Romantics, Patriots, and Revolutionaries. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.Google Scholar
Zelovich, Kornél. 1999. “István Széchenyi: The Greatest Consultant Engineer of Hungary.” In Britain and Hungary: Contacts in Architecture and Design, edited by Gulya Ernyey, 13–30. Budapest: Hungarian University of Craft and Design.Google Scholar