Hostname: page-component-76dd75c94c-lntk7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T09:43:03.668Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Techniques for studying molluscan shell microstructure

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2017

Joseph G. Carter  and
Wallace W. Ambrose
Joseph G. Carter
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Dental Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
Wallace W. Ambrose
Affiliation:
Department of Geology and Dental Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514
Get access

Extract

Until the mid-1960's, procedures for studying shell microstruetures were laborious and, for many purposes, unsatisfactory. Depositional surfaces were observed with binocular microscopy, and shell material was embedded in various media, sectioned, mounted on a glass slide, and observed with ordinary light and polarized light microscopy. These procedures revealed the major microstructural organization of shell layers and their optical crystallographic properties, but they provided little information regarding what is now termed shell ultrastructure. Nevertheless, these techniques provided the basis for a number of important pioneering works on molluscan shell microstructure between 1921 and 1967.

Type
Internal Anatomy and Microstructure
Information
The Paleontological Society Special Publications , Volume 4: Paleotechniques , 1989 , pp. 101 - 119
Copyright
Copyright © 1989 Paleontological Society 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Boyd, A, and Stewart, A.P.G. 1962. A study of the etching of dental tissues with argon ion beams. Journal of Ultrastructure Research, 7:159.Google Scholar
Boyd, A, and Wood, C. 1969. Preparation of animal tissues for surfaceelectron microscophy. Journal of Microscopy, 90:221–249.Google Scholar
Boyd, A, Jones, S.J., and Reynolds, P.S. 1978. Quantitative and qualitative studies of enamel etching with acid and EDTA. Scanning Electron Microscopy, 1978, II:991–1002.Google Scholar
Carter, J.G. 1980a. Environmental and biological controls of bivalve shell mineralogy and microstructure, p. 69–113. In Rhoads, D.C., and Lutz, R.A., (eds.), Skeletal Growth of Aquatic Organisms. Plenum, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, J.G. 1980b. Selected Mineralogical data for the Bivalvia, p. 627–643. In Rhoads, D.C., and Lutz, R.A., (eds.), Skeletal Growth of Aquatic Organisms. Plenum, New York.Google Scholar
Carter, J.G. 1980c. Guide to bivalve shell microstructures, p. 645–673. In Rhoads, D.C., and Lutz, R.A. (eds.), Skeletal Growth of Aquatic Organisms. Plenum, New York.Google Scholar
Carter, J.G., and Clark, G.R. II. 1985. Classification and phylogenetic significance of molluscan shell microstructure, p. 50–71. In Broadhead, T.W., (ed.), Mollusks, Notes for a Short Course, organized by Bottjer, D.J., Hickman, C.S. and Ward, P.D., University of Tennessee Department of Geological Sciences Studies in Geology, 13, 305 pp.Google Scholar
Carter, J.G., and Tevesz, M.J.S. 1978a. Shell microstructure of a Middle Devonian (Hamilton Group) bivalve fauna from central New York. Journal of Paleontology, v. 52, p. 859–880, 21 figs.Google Scholar
Carter, J.G., and Tevesz, M.J.S. 1978b. The shell structure of Ptychodesma (Cyrtodontidae; Bivalvia) and its bearing on the evolution of the Pteriomorphia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B, 284:367–374.Google Scholar
Feigl, F. 1937. Qualitative Analysis by Spot Test. Nordemann, New York, 400 pp.Google Scholar
Friedman, G.M. 1959. Identification of carbonate minerals by staining methods. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 29(1):87–97.Google Scholar
Frisch, B., and Lewis, S.M. 1978. Ion etching in scanning electron microscopy, p. 100–135. In Hayat, M.A. (ed.), Principles and Techniques of SEM. Van Nostrom Reinhold, Atlanta, vol. 6.Google Scholar
Goldstein, J.I., Newbury, D.E., Echlin, P., Joy, D.C., Fiori, C., and Lifshin, E. 1981. Scannng Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis. Plenum, New York, 671 p.Google Scholar
Gregoire, Charles. 1974. On the organic and mineral components of the shells of Aetheriidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Unionacea). Revue de Zoologie Africaine, 88(4):847–896, + 122 figs.Google Scholar
Hayat, M.A. 1978. Introduction to Biological Scanning Electron Microscopy. University Park Press, Baltimore, 323 pp.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, I. 1964. Microscopical observations on the shell structure of Bivalvia - Part 1. Barbatia obtusoides (Nyst). Science Reports of the Tokyo Kyoiku Daigaku, Section C, Geology, Mineralogy and Geography, 82:295–301.Google Scholar
Mutvei, H. 1984. Scanning electron-microscope methods. Paleontological Journal, 18(1):78–82.Google Scholar
Mutvei, H., Dauphin, Y., and Cuif, J. 1985. Observations sur l'organisation de la couche externe du test des Haliotis (Gastropoda): un cas exceptionnel de variabilité minéralogique et microstructurale. Bulletin du Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, ser. 4, 7(A1):73–91.Google Scholar
Newbury, D.E., Joy, D.C., Echlin, P., Fiori, C.E., and Goldstein, J.I. 1986. Advanced Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis. Plenum Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reimer, L. 1985. Scanning Electron Microscopy. In Hawkes, P.W. (ed.), Springer Series in Optical Sciences, vol. 45, Springer-Verlag, New York, 455 pp.Google Scholar
Schneidermann, N., and SandBerg, P.A. 1971. Calcite-aragonite differentiation by selective staining and scanning electron microscopy. Transactions of the Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies 21:349–352.Google Scholar
Sundstrom, B. 1968. Histological decalcifications using aqueous solutions of basic chromium (111) phosphate. Odontological Review, 19:3–19.Google Scholar
Sylvester-Bradley, P.C. 1971. The reaction of systematics to the revolution in micropaleontology, p. 95–111. In Scanning Electron Microscopy, Systematics Association Spec. vol. 4.Google Scholar
Taylor, P.D. 1986. Scanning electron microscopy of uncoated fossils. Palaeontology, 29(4): 685–690.Google Scholar
Thomas, R.S., and Hollahan, J.R. 1974. Use of chemically reactive gas plasmas in preparing specimens for scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis. Scanning Electron Microscopy/1974/1, AMF O'Ohare, Illinois, p. 83–89.Google Scholar
Williams, A. 1968. A history of skeletal secretion among articulate brachiopods. Lethaia, v. 1, p. 268–287.Google Scholar