Extreme professional working conditions of EMERCOM rescuers have a harmful effect to their health leading to high rate of digestive, respiratory, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular diseases. The morbidity frequency of these diseases at rescuers is higher, beyond all doubts, than at male population of the corresponding age, and it is connected with total years of occupational work and its intensity. This fact shows the necessity of establishing the system of medico-physiological support to rescuers of EMERCOM of Russia which must be seen as a significant part of their social protection and rehabilitation and must include six main components, i.e. consideration of conditions and character of activity in everyday and emergency situations; complex evaluation and monitoring of their health state; medical support during rescue work in emergency situations; psychological support; information and analytical maintenance of longstanding monitoring; development of hospital base and specialized medical assistance. An important component of the system of medico-physiological support to rescuers of EMERCOM of Russia is information and analytical maintenance of longstanding monitoring of professional load, health state and medico-social protection of the rescuers of EMERCOM of Russia. It was implemented by creating a Medical register of EMERCOM of Russia. We developed concepts, principals and organization methodical ground of multilevel system of medico-physiological support to rescuers of EMERCOM of Russia regarding their work in conditions of emergency situations. On the basis of professional work load studies, hygienic evaluation of work hardness and intensity, analysis of rescue work of State fire fighting services divisions of EMERCOM of Russia there were detected main stress factors, physiological and hygienic distinctive features of work.