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The Role of Law in Modern War

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2017

Richard R. Baxter*
Affiliation:
General’s Corps, United States Army

Abstract

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Type
Fourth Session
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 1953

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References

1 The Orders were actually not promulgated until the middle of May, 1863. Frank Freidel, Francis Lieber, Nineteenth Century Liberal (Baton Bouge, 1947), p. 335, note 42.

2 Preamble, Hague Convention IV of Oct. 18, 1907, 36 Stat. 2277, TJ. S. Treaty Series, No. 539.

3 Resolution 8 of the Diplomatic Conference of Geneva, 1949, in Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949 for the Protection of War Victims, U. S. Department of State Publication No. 3938 (1950), p. 22.

4 Lectures of Dr. Francis Lieber on the “Laws and Usages of War,” delivered at Columbia College (Law School) from Oct. 21, 1861, to Feb. 6, 1862, Ms., The Johns Hopkins University Library, Baltimore, Md.

5 Nurick, Lester, “The Distinction between Combatant and Noncombatant in the Law of War,American Journal of International Law, Vol. 39 (1945), pp. 680697 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

6 Geneva Convention of August 12, 1949 for the Protection of War Victims, TJ. S. Department of State Publication No. 3938 (1950).

7 Proceedings, American Society of International Law, 1952, pp. 216-220.

8 Ibid., p. 218.

9 Ibid., p. 220.

10 U.S. 8. v. Flick et al., (1948), Trials of War Criminals Before the Nuernberg Military Tribunals, Vol. 6 (1952), pp. 1162, 1208; U. S. v. Krupp et al. (1948), ibid., Vol. 9 (1950), p. 1340; U. S. v. Krauch et al. (1948), ibid., Vol. 6 (1952), pp. 1137-8 (suggesting, however, that certain provisions of the Hague Regulations relevant to the “actual conduct of hostilities” may be obsolete); Cameron, John, The Peleus Trial (London, 1948), pp. 94, 122 Google Scholar.

11 Kunz, Josef L., “The Chaotic Status of the Laws of War and the Urgent Necessity for Their Revision,” American Journal of International Law, Vol. 45 (1951), pp. 3761 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

12 See in this connection Report to the President by the Deputy U. S. Representative on the United Nations Disarmament Commission, January 12, 1953 (Department of State Publication 4902), p. 26.

13 Grob, Fritz, The Relativity of War and Peace (New Haven, 1949), pp. 217218 Google Scholar.

14 Common Article 2.

15 Statement by General MaeArthur, The New York Times, July 5, 1950, p. 2, col. 7.

16 Telegram from the Secretary of State to the International Committee of the Cross, Bed, July 5, 1950, in Le Comité international de la Croix-Bouge et le Conflict de Corée; Recueil de Documents, Vol. I (1952), p. 13 Google Scholar; Letter from the Representative of the United States of America to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, July 5, 1951, U.N. Doc. S/2232, July 6, 1951, Department of State Bulletin, Vol. 25 (1951), p. 189.

17 Lauterpacht, H., “Rules of Warfare in an Unlawful War,” in Festschrift für Hans Kelsen (1953)Google Scholar.

18 Philip C. Jessup, A Modern Law of Nations (1948), pp. 188-221.

19 U.N. Doc. S/1588, U.N. General Assembly, 5th Sess., Official Records, Supp. No. 2 (U.N. Doc. A/1361), p. 25.

20 Lauterpacht, op. cit.