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Transnational Corruption: New Rules for Old Temptations, New Players to Combat a Perennial Evil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2017

Lucinda A. Low
Lucinda A. Low*
Affiliation:
Miller & Chevalier, Washington, D.C
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Abstract

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Type
New Players to Combat Transnational Bribery
Information
Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting , Volume 92 , 1998 , pp. 151 - 156
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 1998

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References

1 Pub. L. No. 95-213, 91 Stat. 1494 (1977).

2 I.R.C. § 162(c), 26 U.S.C. § 1629 (1994); see Chu, Morgan & Magraw, Daniel, The Deducibility of Questionable Foreign Payments, 87 Yalel. J. 1091 (1978)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

3 15 U.S.C. §§ 78dd-l(a), 78dd-2(a) (1994).

4 Id. §§ 78o(d) (definition of “issuers”), 78dd-2(h)(l) (definition of “domestic concerns”).

5 15 U.S.C. §§ 78dd-l(b), 78dd-2(b) (1994).

6 Id. at §§ 78dd-l(f)(l), 78dd-2(h)(2).

7 102 Stat. 1107(1988).

8 15 U.S.C. §§ 78dd-1(c)(1), (2), 78dd-2(c)(l), (2) (1994).

9 Id. at § 78m.

10 Id. §§ 78dd-l(f)(2)(A), (B), 78dd-2(h)(3)(A), (B).

11 In re Caremark Int’l, 1996 Del. Ch. Lexis 125.

12 Pub. L. 100-418, § 5003(d) (1994).

13 See The Anti-Corruption Review, http://www.ita.doc.gov/legal/corr-rev.html.

14 Signed Mar. 29, 1986, (entered into force Mar. 20, 1997); reprinted in 35 I.L.M. 724 (1996).

15 See Inter-American Convention Against Corruption, Message from the President of the United States, S. Treaty Doc. No. 105-39, 105th Cong., 2d Sess. (1998).

16 These opt-out rights can be exercised by a state without taking a reservation to the Convention, since they are built into Articles VIII (transnational bribery) and IX (illicit enrichment) directly.

17 See Letter of Submittal, Department of State, Mar. 24, 1998, at x, in S. Treaty Doc. 105-39, supra note 15; see also L. Low, Bjorklund, A., & Atkinson, K.C., A Comparison of the Inter-American Convention Against Corruption and the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, 38 Va J. Int’l L. 243 (1998)Google Scholar.

18 Reprinted at 37 I.L.M. 1 (1998).

19 See L. Low & H.E. Moyer, OECD Countries Reach Agreement on Anti-Bribery Pact, Corporate Legal Times, Jan. 1998, at 60; L. Low, Historic OECD Antibribery Pact Signed by 33 Countries, Transnat’l Law Exchange, Apr. 1998, at 6.

20 World Bank, Guidelines: Procurement Under IBRD Loans and IDA Credits at 7 (Aug. 1996) and Addendum (Sept. 19, 1997).

21 See Draft Procedures to Deal with Allegations of Fraud and Corruption under Bank-Financed Contracts, Appendix II to Memorandum to World Bank Executive Directors (July 18, 1997).

22 See Michaela Wrong & Michael Holman, World Bank Warns Kenya about Corruption, Financial Times, Aug. 9, 1997, at 3.

23 IDB Strengthens Procurement Policies, press release, Jan. 29, 1998 (found on the Inter-American Development Bank Web site, business@iadb.org).

24 EBRD Pub. No. 2892, 27/08/97 (Sept. 1997).