¹ Restatement (Third) Of Foreign Relations Law of the United States § 203 cmt e (1987).

² Bwalya v. Zambia, Commun. No. 314/1988, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/48/D/314/1988 (1993), reprinted in 14 Hum. Rts. L. J. 408 (1993).

³ Report from the Commission on the Implementation of Measures Intended to Promote Observance of Human Rights and Democratic Principles COM(96)672, at 6 (1997) [hereinafter Commission Report].

⁴ Commission Resolution 78/95 of 22 May 1995, Human Rights in the World, para. 60, 1995 O.J. 126.

⁵ Human Rights Watch/Helsinki Press Release, Dec. 7, 1996.

⁶ Samuel P. Huntington, The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century (1991).

⁷ Whitehead, Laurence, Three International Dimensions of Democratization, in The International Dimensions of Democratization: Europe and the Americas 5-8 (Whitehead, Laurence ed., 1996)Google Scholar.

⁸ Electoral Assistance Activities of the United Nations System, Electoral Assistance Division, United Nations Department of Political Affairs 5 (1996) [hereinafter Electoral Activities].

⁹ Commission Report, supra note 3, at 6.

¹⁰ Thus, if a request comes so close to a planned election that the United Nations judges it will have neither the time to prepare an adequate mission nor an opportunity to evaluate the campaign and other crucial activities preceding the actual vote, it will decime an invitation to monitor. This occurred during 1996 in response to requests from Albania, Armenia, Benin, the Cormoros, the Dominican Republic, the Gambia, Niger, Moldova, Romania, and Sao Tome and Principe. Electoral Activities, supra note 8, at 17-19.

¹¹ This was the case, for example, with the 1993 referendum in Malawi on the continued existence of a one-party state. See Fox, Gregory H. & Nolte, Georg, Intolerant Democracies, 30 Harv. Int’l L. J. 1, 42 n. 231 (1995)Google Scholar.

¹² Voting for Reform: Democracy, Political Liberalization and Economic Adjustment (Stephen Haggard & Steven B. Webb eds., 1994); Leila L. Frischtak, Governance Capacity and Economic Reform in Developing Countries, World Bank Technical Paper No. 254 (1994).

¹³ Conference on Security and Co-Operation in Europe: Final Act, Aug. 1, 1975, 14 I.L.M. 1292.

¹⁴ Charter of Paris for a New Europe, Nov. 21, 1990, 30 I.L.M. 190 (1991).

¹⁵ On the Inclusion of Respect for Democratic Principles and Human Rights in Agreements between the Community and Third Countries, COM(95)215 (1995).

¹⁶ Robin Wright, Islam, Democracy, and the West, For. Aff., Summer 1992, at 131.

¹⁷ Popovic, Neil A.F., The Right to Participate in Decisions that Affect the Environment, 10 Pace Env. L. Rev. 683 (1993)Google Scholar.

¹⁸ U.N. Doc. A/Conf.l51/PC/WG.III/L.33/Rev.l, princ. 10 (1992).

¹⁹ Bradlow, Daniel D., Human Rights, Public Finance and the Development Process: A Critical Perspective, 8 Am. U. J. Int’l L. & Pol. 1, 7 (1992)Google Scholar.

²⁰ U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1994/56, at 105 (1994).

²¹ Technical Review of the United Nations Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1994/2, at 14-15 (1994).

²² Turpel, Maty Ellen, Indigenous Peoples ‘ Rights of Political Participation and Self-Determination: Recent International Legal Developments and the Continuing Struggle for Recognition, 25 Cornell Int’l L. J. 579, 593 (1992)Google Scholar.

²³ International Code of Conduct for Public officials, G.A. Res. 59, U.N. GAOR, 51st Sess., U.N. Doc. A/51/59 (Jan. 28, 1997) (Annex).

²⁴ Inter-American Convention Against Corruption (March 29, 1996), reprinted in Kimberly Ann Elliot, Implementing the Summit of the Americas (North-South Center Working Paper, November 1996).

²⁵ Democratic Vistas, in Complete Poetry and Collected Prose 929, 937 (Justin Kaplan ed., 1982).

²⁶ Id. at 960.