We have covered a lot of ground during the week and it is quite clear that I cannot cover the same amount of ground in summing up. So, inevitably, some of you have given very good, very interesting papers that I shall not be able to mention. What I have done is to select the points where I think some comments are useful, and some where there has been more than one speaker on the subject and it has been useful to draw things together. I have abandoned the structure of the programme; like a good taxonomist I have taken a simple dichotomy and arranged the topics in that way. First those of general botanical interest, and, secondly, those particularly concerned with SW Asia.