Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-4hhp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-02T05:48:48.445Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Is ‘another’ psychiatry possible?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 January 2023

Diana Rose Open the ORCID record for Diana Rose [Opens in a new window]  and
Nikolas Rose
Diana Rose
Affiliation:
Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
Nikolas Rose*
Affiliation:
Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Institute of Advanced Studies, University College London, London, UK
*
Author for correspondence: Nikolas Rose, E-mail: nikolas.rose@ucl.ac.uk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In this paper, we examine a number of approaches that propose new models for psychiatric theory and practices: in the way that they incorporate ‘social’ dimensions, in the way they involve ‘communities’ in treatment, in the ways that they engage mental health service users, and in the ways that they try to shift the power relations within the psychiatric encounter. We examine the extent to which ‘alternatives’ – including ‘Postpsychiatry’, ‘Open Dialogue’, the ‘Power, Threat and Meaning Framework’ and Service User Involvement in Research – really do depart from mainstream models in terms of theory, practice and empirical research and identify some shortcomings in each. We propose an approach which seeks more firmly to ground mental distress within the lifeworld of those who experience it, with a particular focus on the biopsychosocial niches within which we make our lives, and the impact of systematic disadvantage, structural violence and other toxic exposures within the spaces and places that constitute and constrain many everyday lives. Further, we argue that a truly alternative psychiatry requires psychiatric professionals to go beyond simply listening to the voices of service users: to overcome epistemic injustice requires professionals to recognise that those who have experience of mental health services have their own expertise in accounting for their distress and in evaluating alternative forms of treatment. Finally we suggest that, if ‘another psychiatry’ is possible, this requires a radical reimagination of the role and responsibilities of the medically trained psychiatrist within and outside the clinical encounter.

Keywords

critiques of psychiatrycommunity psychiatrybiopsychosocial nichethe patient's voiceepistemic injusticesocial sufferingstructural violencealternative futures for psychiatry
Type
Commentary
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 53 , Issue 1 , January 2023 , pp. 46 - 54
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, V., Behague, D., Caduff, C., Löwy, I., & Ortega, F. (2019). Re-imagining global health through social medicine. Global Public Health, 14, 1383–1400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barker, D. J. (2007). The origins of the developmental origins theory. Journal of Internal Medicine, 261, 412–417.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bister, M. D. (2018). The concept of chronicity in action: Everyday classification practices and the shaping of mental health care. Sociology of Health & Illness, 40, 38–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bister, M. D., Klausner, M., & Niewöhner, J. (2016). The cosmopolitics of ‘niching’. Rendering the city habitable along infrastructures of mental health care. In Blok, A. & Farias, I. U. (Eds.), Urban cosmopolitics. Agencements, assemblies, atmospheres (pp. 187–206). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Borg, M., & Davidson, L. (2008). The nature of recovery as lived in everyday experience. Journal of Mental Health, 17, 129–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bracken, P. (1995). Beyond liberation: Michel Foucault and the notion of a critical psychiatry. Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology, 2, 1–13.Google Scholar
Bracken, P., Fernando, S., Alsaraf, S., Creed, M., Double, D., Gilberthorpe, T., … Timimi, S. (2021). Decolonising the medical curriculum: Psychiatry faces particular challenges. Anthropology & Medicine, 28(4), 420–428.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bracken, P., & Thomas, P. (2001). Postpsychiatry: A new direction for mental health. British Medical Journal, 322, 724–727.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brooke, E. M. (1959). National statistics in the epidemiology of mental illness. Journal of Mental Science, 105, 893–908.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bynum, W. F., Porter, R., & Shepherd, M. (2004). The anatomy of madness: Essays in the history of psychiatry. London: Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar
Carr, S., Holley, J., Hafford-Letchfield, T., Faulkner, A., Gould, D., Khisa, C., & Megele, C. (2017). Mental health service user experiences of targeted violence and hostility and help-seeking in the UK: A scoping review. Global Mental Health, 4, e25. doi: 10.1017/gmh.2017.22CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (2006). Gene–environment interactions in psychiatry: Joining forces with neuroscience. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7, 583–590.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Clark, A. (1997). Being there: Putting brain, body, and world together again. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Conrad, P. (1992). Medicalization and social control. Annual Review of Sociology, 18, 209–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deegan, P. E. (1988). Recovery: The lived experience of rehabilitation. Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 11, 11–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Department of Health. (1999). The national service framework for mental health: Modern standards and service models. London: Department of Health.Google Scholar
Duntley, J. D., & Buss, D. M. (2008). Evolutionary psychology is a metatheory for psychology. Psychological Inquiry, 19, 30–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ecks, S. (2005). Pharmaceutical citizenship: Antidepressant marketing and the promise of demarginalization in India. Anthropology & Medicine, 12, 239–254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ecks, S. (2013). Eating drugs: Psychopharmaceutical pluralism in India. New York: NYU Press.Google Scholar
Evans, D. (2003). Hierarchy of evidence: A framework for ranking evidence evaluating healthcare interventions. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 12, 77–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farmer, P. (1996). On suffering and structural violence: A view from below. Daedalus, 125, 261–283.Google Scholar
Farmer, P. E., Nizeye, B., Stulac, S., & Keshavjee, S. (2006). Structural violence and clinical medicine. PLoS Medicine, 3, e449.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fricker, M. (2007). Epistemic injustice: Power and the ethics of knowing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedli, L., & Stearn, R. (2015). Positive affect as coercive strategy: Conditionality, activation and the role of psychology in UK government workfare programmes. Medical Humanities, 41, 40–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fusar-Poli, P., Correll, C. U., Arango, C., Berk, M., Patel, V., & Ioannidis, J. P. (2021). Preventive psychiatry: A blueprint for improving the mental health of young people. World Psychiatry, 20, 200–221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilburt, H., Rose, D., & Slade, M. (2008). The importance of relationships in mental health care: A qualitative study of service users’ experiences of psychiatric hospital admission in the UK. BMC Health Services Research, 8, 92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilburt, H., Slade, M., Rose, D., Lloyd-Evans, B., Johnson, S., & Osborn, D. P. J. (2010). Service users’ experiences of residential alternatives to standard acute wards: Qualitative study of similarities and differences. British Journal of Psychiatry, 197, S26–S31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ginsburg, S., & Jablonka, E. (2019). The evolution of the sensitive soul: Learning and the origins of consciousness. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gone, J. P. (2013). Redressing first nations historical trauma: Theorizing mechanisms for indigenous culture as mental health treatment. Transcultural Psychiatry, 50, 683–706.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gone, J. P. (2016). Alternative knowledges and the future of community psychology: Provocations from an American Indian healing tradition. American Journal of Community Psychology, 58, 314–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Habermas, J., Honneth, A., & Joas, H. (1991). Communicative action. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group.Google Scholar
Han, C. (2012). Life in debt: Times of care and violence in neoliberal Chile. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, S., & Mort, M. (1998). Which champions, which people? Public and user involvement in health care as a technology of legitimation. Social Policy & Administration, 32, 60–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horwitz, A. V., & Scheid, T. L. (1999). A handbook for the study of mental health: Social contexts, theories, and systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Horwitz, A. V., & Wakefield, J. C. (2007). The loss of sadness: How psychiatry transformed normal sorrow into depressive disorder. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Howell, A., & Voronka, J. (2012). Introduction: The politics of resilience and recovery in mental health care. Studies in Social Justice, 6, 1–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, C., & Rizq, R. (Eds.) (2019). The industrialisation of care: Counselling, psychotherapy and the impact of IAPT. PCCS Books.Google Scholar
Johnson, S., Bingham, C., Billings, J., Pilling, S., Morant, N., Bebbington, P., … Dalton, J. (2004). Women's experiences of admission to a crisis house and to acute hospital wards: A qualitative study. Journal of Mental Health, 13, 247–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnstone, L., & Boyle, M. (2018). The power threat meaning framework: An alternative nondiagnostic conceptual system. Journal of Humanistic Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167818793289CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaplan, A., Cromley, J., Perez, T., Dai, T., Mara, K., & Balsai, M. (2020). The role of context in educational RCT findings: A call to redefine “evidence-based practice”. Educational Researcher, 49, 285–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keating, F., Robertson, D., McCulloch, A., & Francis, E. (2002). Breaking the circles of fear: A review of the relationship between mental health services and African and Caribbean communities. London: The Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health.Google Scholar
Kirmayer, L. J., & Young, A. (1998). Culture and somatization: Clinical, epidemiological, and ethnographic perspectives. Psychosomatic Medicine, 60, 420–430.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kleinman, A., Das, V., & Lock, M. M. (1997). Social suffering. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Kuhn, T. S. (2012). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laland, K. (2017). Darwin's unfinished symphony. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamb, S. D. (2014). Pathologist of the mind: Adolf Meyer and the origins of American psychiatry. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landry, D. (2017). Survivor research in Canada: ‘Talking’ recovery, resisting psychiatry, and reclaiming madness. Disability & Society, 32, 1437–1457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lane, C. (2007). Shyness: How normal behavior became a sickness. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Lewis, A. (1953). Health as a social concept. The British Journal of Sociology, 4, 109–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lief, A. (1948). The commonsense psychiatry of Dr. Adolf Meyer. New York: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
Marmot, M. (2015). The health gap: The challenge of an unequal world. London: Bloomsbury.Google ScholarPubMed
Marmot, M., & Bell, R. (2012). Fair society, healthy lives. Public health, 126, S4–S10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McEwen, B. S. (2012). Brain on stress: How the social environment gets under the skin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109, 17180–17185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKeown, T., & Lowe, C. R. (1966). An Introduction to social medicine. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Metzl, J. M., & Hansen, H. (2014). Structural competency: Theorizing a new medical engagement with stigma and inequality. Social Science & Medicine, 103, 126–133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Metzl, J. M., & Hansen, H. (2018). Structural competency and psychiatry. JAMA Psychiatry, 75, 115–116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mezzich, J. E. (2007). Psychiatry for the person: Articulating medicine's science and humanism. World Psychiatry, 6, 65.Google ScholarPubMed
Modinos, G., Iyegbe, C., Prata, D., Rivera, M., Kempton, M. J., Valmaggia, L. R., … McGuire, P. (2013). Molecular genetic gene–environment studies using candidate genes in schizophrenia: A systematic review. Schizophrenia Research, 150, 356–365.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murray, R., Bora, E., Modinos, G., & Vernon, A. (2022). Schizophrenia: A developmental disorder with a risk of non-specific but avoidable decline. Schizophrenia Research, 243, 181–186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murray, R. M., & Cannon, M. (2021). Public health psychiatry: An idea whose time has come. World Psychiatry, 20, 222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neilson, B., & Rossiter, N. (2008). Precarity as a political concept, or, fordism as exception. Theory, Culture & Society, 25, 51–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, M., Seikkula, J., & Ziedonis, D. (2014). The key elements of dialogic practice in open dialogue: Fidelity criteria. The University of Massachusetts Medical School, 8, 2017.Google Scholar
Perestelo-Perez, L., Gonzalez-Lorenzo, M., Perez-Ramos, J., Rivero-Santana, A., & Serrano-Aguilar, P. (2011). Patient involvement and shared decision-making in mental health care. Current Clinical Pharmacology, 6, 83–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pilgrim, D. (2019). Key concepts in mental health. New York: SAGE.Google Scholar
Pilling, S., Clarke, K., Parker, G., James, K., Landau, S., Weaver, T., … Craig, T. (2022). Open dialogue compared to treatment as usual for adults experiencing a mental health crisis: Protocol for the ODDESSI multi-site cluster randomised controlled trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 113, 106664.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Razzaque, R., & Stockmann, T. (2016). An introduction to peer-supported open dialogue in mental healthcare. BJPsych Advances, 22, 348–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roe, J., & McCay, L. (2021). Restorative cities: Urban design for mental health and wellbeing. London: Bloomsbury.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rose, D. (2015). The contemporary state of service-user-led research. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 2, 959–960.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rose, D. (2022). The fate of the idea of recovery today: A user-centred analysis. Community Psychology in Global Perspective, 8, 103–119.Google Scholar
Rose, D., Evans, J., Laker, C., & Wykes, T. (2015). Life in acute mental health settings: Experiences and perceptions of service users and nurses. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 24, 90–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rose, D., Perry, E., Rae, S., & Good, N. (2017). Service user perspectives on coercion and restraint in mental health. British Journal of Psychiatry International, 14, 59–61.Google ScholarPubMed
Rose, N. (2016). Neuroscience and the future for mental health? Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 25, 95–100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rose, N. (2018). Our psychiatric future: The politics of mental health. Polity.Google Scholar
Rose, N., Birk, R., & Manning, N. (2021). Towards neuroecosociality: Mental health in adversity. Theory, Culture & Society, 39, 121–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rose, N., & Fitzgerald, D. (2021). The urban brain: Mental health in the vital city. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, C. E. (2002). The tyranny of diagnosis: Specific entities and individual experience. The Milbank Quarterly, 80, 237–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenberg, C. E. (2006). Contested boundaries – psychiatry, disease, and diagnosis. Perspectives In Biology and Medicine, 49, 407–424.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rylko-Bauer, B., & Farmer, P. (2016). Structural violence, poverty, and social suffering. In Brady, D. & Burton, L. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of the social science of poverty (pp. 47–74). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sashidharan, S., & Francis, E. (1999). Racism in psychiatry necessitates reappraisal of general procedures and Eurocentric theories. British Medical Journal, 319, 254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Savalescu, J., Davies, L. W., Roache, R., Davies, W., & Loebel, J. P. (2020). Psychiatry reborn: Biopsychosocial psychiatry in modern medicine. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scheper-Hughes, N., & Lovell, A. (1987). Psychiatry inside out: Selected writings of Franco Basaglia. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Scull, A. (2015). Madness in civilization: A cultural history of insanity, from the Bible to Freud, from the madhouse to modern medicine. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scull, A. (2021). American psychiatry in the new millennium: A critical appraisal. Psychological Medicine, 51, 2762–2770.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shonkoff, J. P., Boyce, W. T., & McEwen, B. S. (2009). Neuroscience, molecular biology, and the childhood roots of health disparities: Building a new framework for health promotion and disease prevention. Journal of the American Medical Association, 301, 2252–2259.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slade, M. (2009). Personal recovery and mental illness: A guide for mental health professionals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slade, M., & Priebe, S. (2001). Are randomised controlled trials the only gold that glitters? British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, 286–287.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sterelny, K. (2003). Thought in a hostile world: The evolution of human cognition. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Thornicroft, G. (2000). National service framework for mental health. Psychiatric Bulletin, 24, 203–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, E. H., Cipriani, A., Furukawa, T. A., Salanti, G., & de Vries, Y. A. (2022). Selective publication of antidepressant trials and its influence on apparent efficacy: Updated comparisons and meta-analyses of newer versus older trials. PLoS Medicine, 19, e1003886.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turner, E. H., Matthews, A. M., Linardatos, E., Tell, R. A., & Rosenthal, R. (2008). Selective publication of antidepressant trials and its influence on apparent efficacy. New England Journal of Medicine, 358, 252–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ullrich, S., Keers, R., & Coid, J. W. (2014). Delusions, anger, and serious violence: New findings from the MacArthur violence risk assessment study. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 40, 1174–1181.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Venner, F. (2009). Risk management in a survivor-led crisis service. Mental Health Practice, 13, 18–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallcraft, J., Read, J., & Sweeney, A. (2003). On our own terms. London: Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health.Google Scholar
Wheeler, C., Lloyd-Evans, B., Churchard, A., Fitzgerald, C., Fullarton, K., Mosse, L., … Johnson, S. (2015). Implementation of the crisis resolution team model in adult mental health settings: A systematic review. BMC Psychiatry, 15, 1–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed