Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-wq484 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-30T05:48:57.177Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

National trends in non-fatal suicidal behaviors among adults in the USA from 2009 to 2017

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 August 2020

Lindsay A. Bornheimer Open the ORCID record for Lindsay A. Bornheimer [Opens in a new window] ,
Kaipeng Wang ,
Anao Zhang ,
Juliann Li ,
Elise E. Trim ,
Mark Ilgen  and
Cheryl A. King
Lindsay A. Bornheimer*
Affiliation:
School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Kaipeng Wang
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
Anao Zhang
Affiliation:
School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Juliann Li
Affiliation:
School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Elise E. Trim
Affiliation:
School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Mark Ilgen
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA VA Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Cheryl A. King
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Lindsay A. Bornheimer, E-mail: bornheim@umich.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background

The age-adjusted rate of suicide death in the USA has increased significantly since 2000 and little is known about national trends in non-fatal suicidal behaviors (ideation, plan, and attempt) among adults and their associated sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. This study examined trends in non-fatal suicidal behaviors among adults in the USA.

Methods

Data were obtained from adults 18–65 years of age who participated in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), including mental health assessment, from 2009 to 2017 (n = 335 359). Examinations of data involved trend analysis methods with the use of logistic regressions and interaction terms.

Results

Suicidal ideation showed fluctuation from 2009 to 2017, whereas suicide plan and attempt showed significantly positive linear trends with the odds increasing by an average of 3% and 4%, respectively. Suicide plan increased the most for females and adults ages 18–34, and attempt increased the most for adults with drug dependence. Both plan and attempt increased the most among adults who either had mental illness but were not in treatment or had no mental illness.

Conclusions

Given attempted suicide is the strongest known risk factor for suicide death, reducing non-fatal suicidal behaviors including attempt are important public health and clinical goals. The interactional findings of age, sex, mental health status, and drug dependence point toward the importance of tailoring prevention efforts to various sociodemographic and clinical factors.

Keywords

Non-fatal suicidenational trendspublic healthsuicidalitymental health
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 52 , Issue 6 , April 2022 , pp. 1031 - 1039
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anglemyer, A., Horvath, T. & Rutherford, G. (2014). The accessibility of firearms and risk for suicide and homicide victimization among household members: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine, 160(2), 101–110. doi: 10.7326/M13-1301CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bachmann, S. (2018). Epidemiology of suicide and the psychiatric perspective. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 15(7), 1425. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15071425CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bertolote, J. M., & Fleischmann, A. (2002). Suicide and psychiatric diagnosis: A worldwide perspective. World Psychiatry, 1(3), 181.Google ScholarPubMed
Borges, G., Nock, M. K., Abad, J. M. H., Hwang, I., Sampson, N. A., Alonso, J., … Bruffaerts, R. (2010). Twelve month prevalence of and risk factors for suicide attempts in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 71(12), 1617. doi: 10.4088/JCP.08m04967blu.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brådvik, L. (2018). Suicide risk and mental disorders. International Journal of Environmental Research And Public Health, 15(9), 2028. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15092028CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bruce, M. L., Ten Have, T. R., Reynolds, C. F. III, Katz, II, Schulberg, H. C., Mulsant, B. H., … Alexopoulos, G. S. (2004). Reducing suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms in depressed older primary care patients: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 291(9), 1081–1091. doi: 10.1001/jama.291.9.1081.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Butler, A., Young, J. T., Kinner, S. A., & Borschmann, R. (2018). Self-harm and suicidal behaviour among incarcerated adults in the Australian Capital Territory. Health & Justice, 6(1), 13. doi: 10.1186/s40352-018-0071-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2017a). 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Methodological summary and definitions. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/data/.Google Scholar
Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2019). 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health Methodological Resource Book, Section 13, Statistical Inference Report. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2018). Data & Statistics Fatal Injury Report. https://webapp.cdc.gov/sasweb/ncipc/mortrate.html. Accessed in May 2020.Google Scholar
Creedon, T. B., & Cook, B. L. (2016). Access to mental health care increased but not for substance use, while disparities remain. Health Affairs, 35(6), 1017–1021. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0098CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crosby, A., Gfroerer, J., Han, B., Ortega, L., & Parks, S. E. (2011). Suicidal thoughts and behaviors among adults aged ⩾18 Years – United States, 2008–2009.Google Scholar
Curtin, S. C., Warner, M., & Hedegaard, H. (2016). Suicide rates for females and males by race and ethnicity: United States, 1999 and 2014.Google Scholar
Darke, S., & Kaye, S. (2004). Attempted suicide among injecting and noninjecting cocaine users in Sydney, Australia. Journal of Urban Health, 81(3), 505–515. doi: 10.1093/jurban/jth134CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Darvishi, N., Farhadi, M., Haghtalab, T., & Poorolajal, J. (2015). Alcohol-related risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and completed suicide: A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 10, 5. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126870CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eynan, R., Langley, J., Tolomiczenko, G., Rhodes, A. E., Links, P., Wasylenki, D., & Goering, P. (2002). The association between homelessness and suicidal ideation and behaviors: Results of a cross-sectional survey. Suicide And Life-Threatening Behavior, 32(4), 418–427. doi: 10.1521/suli.32.4.418.22341CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fässberg, M. M., Orden, K. A. V., Duberstein, P., Erlangsen, A., Lapierre, S., Bodner, E., … Waern, M. (2012). A systematic review of social factors and suicidal behavior in older adulthood. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9(3), 722–745. doi: 10.3390/ijerph9030722.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Han, B., Compton, W. M., Blanco, C., Colpe, L., Huang, L., & McKeon, R. (2018). National trends in the prevalence of suicidal ideation and behavior among young adults and receipt of mental health care among suicidal young adults. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 57(1), 20–27. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.10.013CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Han, B., Compton, W. M., Gfroerer, J., & McKeon, R. (2014). Mental health treatment patterns among adults with recent suicide attempts in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 104(12), 2359–2368. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302163CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Han, B., Compton, W. M., Gfroerer, J., & McKeon, R. (2015). Prevalence and correlates of past 12-month suicide attempt among adults with past-year suicidal ideation in the United States. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 76(3), 295–302. doi: 10.4088/JCP.14m09287CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Han, B., Kott, P. S., Hughes, A., McKeon, R., Blanco, C., & Compton, W. M. (2016). Estimating the rates of deaths by suicide among adults who attempt suicide in the United States. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 77, 125–133. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.03.002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haukka, J., Suominen, K., Partonen, T., & Lönnqvist, J. (2008). Determinants and outcomes of serious attempted suicide: A nationwide study in Finland, 1996–2003. American Journal of Epidemiology, 167(10), 1155–1163. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwn017CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawton, K., Bergen, H., Cooper, J., Turnbull, P., Waters, K., Ness, J., & Kapur, N. (2015). Suicide following self-harm: Findings from the multicentre study of self-harm in England, 2000–2012. Journal of Affective Disorders, 175, 147–151. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02559.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hedegaard, H., Curtin, S. C., & Warner, M. (2018). Suicide mortality in the United States, 1999–2017.Google Scholar
Hoertel, N., Franco, S., Wall, M. M., Oquendo, M. A., Kerridge, B. T., Limosin, F., & Blanco, C. (2015). Mental disorders and risk of suicide attempt: A national prospective study. Molecular Psychiatry, 20(6), 718–726. doi: 10.1038/mp.2015.19CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huang, X., Ribeiro, J. D., Musacchio, K. M., & Franklin, J. C. (2017). Demographics as predictors of suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 12, 7. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180793Google ScholarPubMed
Ivey-Stephenson, A. Z., Crosby, A. E., Jack, S. P., Haileyesus, T., & Kresnow-Sedacca, M. J. (2017). Suicide trends among and within urbanization levels by sex, race/ethnicity, age group, and mechanism of death – United States, 2001–2015. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 66(18), 1. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.ss6618a1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mark, T. L., Yee, T., Levit, K. R., Camacho-Cook, J., Cutler, E., & Carroll, C. D. (2016). Insurance financing increased for mental health conditions but not for substance use disorders, 1986–2014. Health Affairs, 35(6), 958–965. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martínez-Alés, G., & Keyes, K. M. (2019). Fatal and non-fatal self-injury in the USA: Critical review of current trends and innovations in prevention. Current Psychiatry Reports, 21, 104. doi: 10.1007/s11920-019-1080-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nock, M. K., Borges, G., Bromet, E. J., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M., Beautrais, A., … De Graaf, R. (2008). Cross-national prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 192(2), 98–105. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.107.040113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nock, M. K., Deming, C. A., Fullerton, C. S., Gilman, S. E., Goldenberg, M., Kessler, R. C., … Stanley, B. (2013). Suicide among soldiers: A review of psychosocial risk and protective factors. Psychiatry: Interpersonal & Biological Processes, 76(2), 97–125. doi: 10.1521/psyc.2013.76.2.97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olfson, M., Blanco, C., Wall, M., Liu, S. M., Saha, T. D., Pickering, R. P., & Grant, B. F. (2017). National trends in suicide attempts among adults in the United States. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(11), 1095–1103. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2582CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Palmer, B. A., Pankratz, V. S., & Bostwick, J. M. (2005). The lifetime risk of suicide in schizophrenia: A reexamination. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(3), 247–253. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.62.3.247CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Piscopo, K., Lipari, R. N., Cooney, J., & Glasheen, C. (2016). Suicidal thoughts and behavior among adults: Results from the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. NSDUH Data Review, 9.Google Scholar
Pompili, M., Serafini, G., Innamorati, M., Dominici, G., Ferracuti, S., Kotzalidis, G. D., … Sher, L. (2010). Suicidal behavior and alcohol abuse. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 7(4), 1392–1431. doi: 10.3390/ijerph7041392.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schmitz, W. M., Allen, M. H., & Feldman, B. N., Gutin, N. J., Jahn, D. R., Kleespies, P M., ...Simpson, S. ( 2012). Preventing suicide through improved training in suicide risk assessment and care: An American Association of Suicidology Task Force report addressing serious gaps in U.S. mental health training. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour, 42(3), 292–304. doi: 10.1111/j.1943-278X.2012.00090.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration: National Survey on Drug Use and Health. (2018). Available at: https://www.samhsa.gov/data/data-we-collect/nsduh-national-survey-drug-use-and-health. Accessed 2019.Google Scholar
Tidemalm, D., Långström, N., Lichtenstein, P., & Runeson, B. (2008). Risk of suicide after suicide attempt according to coexisting psychiatric disorder: Swedish cohort study with long term follow-up. BMJ, 337, a2205. doi: 10.1136/bmj.a2205CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Twenge, J. M., Cooper, A. B., Joiner, T. E., Duffy, M. E., & Binau, S. G. (2019). Age, period, and cohort trends in mood disorder indicators and suicide-related outcomes in a nationally representative dataset, 2005–2017. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 128(3), 185–199. doi: 10.1037/abn0000410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WISQARS (Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System). (2020). Injury Center CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/index.html. Accessed April 2020.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. (2014). Preventing suicide: a resource for non-fatal suicidal behaviour case registration. World Health Organization. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/112852 in 2019.Google Scholar