Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-wzw2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-13T11:30:24.467Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Inter-rater and temporal reliability of the Standardized Assessment of Personality and the influence of informant characteristics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

J. A. Pilgrim*
Affiliation:
Section of Epidemiology and General Practice, Institute of Psychiatry, London
J. D. Mellers
Affiliation:
Section of Epidemiology and General Practice, Institute of Psychiatry, London
H. A. Boothby
Affiliation:
Section of Epidemiology and General Practice, Institute of Psychiatry, London
A. H. Mann
Affiliation:
Section of Epidemiology and General Practice, Institute of Psychiatry, London
*
1Address for correspondence: Dr John A. Pilgrim, Section of Epidemiology and General Practice, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF.

Synopsis

The Standardized Assessment of Personality (SAP) is a short, semi-structured interview designed to be used with an informant of the patient. The informants of 52 patients were interviewed separately by two raters for an inter-rater reliability study. The overall level of agreement was excellent, kappa = 0·76, with a range between 0·60 and 0·82 for the individual categories of personality disorder. For a temporal reliability study, the relatives of 77 patients were interviewed. The overall level of agreement was good, kappa = 0·65, with a range between 0·54 and 0·79 for individual categories. Characteristics of informants whose reports were rated with greater levels of reliability were female gender and greater length of acquaintance with the patient.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: 3rd edn revised. APA: Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Cohen, J. (1960). A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement 20, 3746.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fleiss, J. L. (1981). Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, 2nd edn.Wiley: New York.Google Scholar
Hill, J., Harrington, R., Fudge, H., Rutter, M. & Pickles, A. (1989). Adult personality functioning assessment (APFA): an investigator-based standardised interview. British Journal of Psychiatry 155, 2435.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hirschfeld, R. M. A., Klerman, G. L., Clayton, P. J., Keller, M. B., McDonald-Scott, P. & Larkin, B. H. (1983). Assessing personality: effects of the depressive state on trait measurement. American Journal of Psychiatry 140, 695699.Google ScholarPubMed
Kolb, J. E. & Gunderson, J. G. (1980). Diagnosing borderline patients with a semi-structured interview. Archives of General Psychiatry 37, 3741.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loranger, A. W. (1988). Personality Disorder Examination (PDE) Manual. D. V. Publications: Yonkers, New York.Google Scholar
Loranger, A. W., Susman, V. L., Oldham, J. M. & Russakoff, L. M. (1987). The personality disorder examination: a preliminary report. Journal of Personality Disorders 1, 113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loranger, A. W., Lenzenweger, M. F., Gartner, A. F., Susman, V. L., Herzig, J., Zammit, G. K., Gartner, J. D., Abrams, R. C. & Young, R. C. (1991). Trait-state artifacts and the diagnosis of personality disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry 48, 720728.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCrae, R. R. & Costa, P. T. (1988). Recalled parent–child relations and adult personality. Journal of Personality 56, 417434.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCrae, R. R. & Costa, P. T. (1990). Personality in Adulthood. Guilford Press: New York.Google Scholar
Mann, A. H., Jenkins, R., Cutting, J. C. & Cowen, P. J. (1981). The development and use of a standardized assessment of personality. Psychological Medicine 11, 839847.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pilgrim, J. A. & Mann, A. H. (1990). Use of the ICD-10 version of the standardized assessment of personality to determine the prevalence of personality disorder in psychiatric in-patients. Psychological Medicine 20, 985992.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., Gibbon, M. & First, M. (1990). User's Guide for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. American Psychiatric Association Press: Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Stangl, D., Pfohl, B., Zimmerman, M., Bowers, W. & Corenthal, C. (1985). A structured interview for the DSM-III personality disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry 42, 591596.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tyrer, P. (1988). Personality Disorders: Diagnosis, Management and Course. Wright: London.Google Scholar
Tyrer, P., Alexander, M. S., Cicchetti, D., Cohen, M. S. & Remington, M. (1979). Reliability of a schedule for rating personality disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry 135, 168174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tyrer, P., Strauss, J. & Cicchetti, D. (1983). Temporal reliability of personality in psychiatric patients. Psychological Medicine 13, 393398.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tyrer, P., Cicchetti, D. V., Casey, P. R., Fitzpatrick, K., Oliver, R., Balter, A., Giller, E. & Harkness, L. (1984). Cross national reliability study of a schedule for assessing personality disorders. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 172, 168174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walton, H. J. & Presley, A. S. (1973). Use of a category system in the diagnosis of abnormal psychology. Archives of General Psychiatry 122, 259268.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1978). Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases. WHO: Geneva.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1987, 1989, 1991). Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (and earlier drafts). WHO: Geneva.Google Scholar
Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Chauncey, D. L. & Gunderson, J. G. (1987). The diagnostic interview for personality disorders: inter-rater and test–retest reliability. Comprehensive Psychiatry 28, 467480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zimmerman, M., Pfohl, B., Coryell, W., Stangl, D. & Corenthal, C. (1988). Diagnosing personality disorder in depressed patients. Archives of General Psychiatry 45, 733737.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed