Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-22dnz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T17:10:12.760Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Mutation and psychosis: a suggested explanation of seasonality of birth1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

T. J. Crow
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Editorial
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 17 , Issue 4 , November 1987 , pp. 821 - 828
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

References

Angst, J. & Scharfetter, C. (1987). Familial aspects of bipolar schizoaffective disorder. manuscript. (In the press.)Google Scholar
Angst, J., Felder, W. & Lohmeyer, B. (1979). Schizoaffective disorders: results of a genetic investigation: I. Journal of Affective Disorders 1, 139–153.Google Scholar
Angst, J.Scharfetter, C. & Stassen, H. H. (1983). Classification of schizo-affective patients by multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis. Psychialria Clinica 16, 254–264.Google ScholarPubMed
Baron, M.Risch, N. & Mendlewicz, J. (1982). Differential fertility in bipolar affective illness. Journal of Affective Disorders 4, 103–122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Böök, J. A. (1953). Schizophrenia as a gene mutation. Acta Genetica 4, 133–139.Google Scholar
Bradbury, T. N. & Miller, G. A. (1985). Season of birth in schizophrenia: a review of evidence, methodology and etiology. Psychological Bulletin. 98, 569–594.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bregliano, J. C. & Kidwell, M. G. (1983). Hybrid dysgenesis determinants. In Mobile Genetic Elements (ed. Shapiro, J. A.), pp. 363–410. Academic Press: London.Google Scholar
Brown, R., Colter, N., Corsellis, J. A. N., Crow, T. J., Frith, C. D., Jagoe, R., Johnstone, E. C. and Marsh, L. (1986). Post-mortem evidence of structural brain changes in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 43, 36–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buck, C. & Simpson, H. (1978). Season of birth among the sibs of schizophrenics. British Journal of psychiatry 133, 358–360.Google Scholar
Colter, N.Crow, T. J.Frith, C. D.Johnstone, E. C. & Owens, D. G. C. Developmental arrest of cerebral asymmetry in early onset schizophrenia. (In preparation.)Google Scholar
Crichton-Browne, J. (1879). On the weight of the brain and its component parts in the insane. Brain 2, 42–67.Google Scholar
Crow, T. J. (1984). A re-evaluation of the viral hypothesis: is psychosis the result of retroviral integration at a site close to the cerebral dominance gene? British Journal of Psychiatry 145, 243–253.Google Scholar
Crow, T. J. (1986 a). Left brain, retrotransposons, and schizophrenia. British Medical Journal 293, 3–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crow, T. J. (1986 b). The continuum of psychosis and its implication for the structure of the gene. British Journal of Psychiatry 149, 419–429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crow, T. J. (1986 c). Secular changes in affective disorder and variations in the psychosis gene. Archives of General Psychiatry 43, 1013–1014.Google Scholar
Crow, T. J. (1987). Psychosis as a continuum and the virogene concept. British Medical Bulletin 43/3, 754–767.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crow, T. J. & Done, D. J. (1986). Age of onset of schizophrenia in siblings: a test of the contagion hypothesis. Psychiatry Research 18, 107–117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dalen, P. (1977). Maternal age and incidence of schizophrenia in the Republic of Ireland. British Journal of Psychiatry 131, 301–305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Galaburda, A. M., LeMay, M., Kemper, T. L. & Geschwind, N. (1978). Right-left asymmetries in the brain. Science 199, 852–856.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gershon, E. S., Hamovit, J., Guroff, J. J., Dibble, E., Leckman, J. F., Sceery, W., Targum, S. D., Nurnberger, J. I., Goldin, L. R. & Bunney, W. E. (1982). A family study of schizoaffective, bipolar I, bipolar II, unipolar, and normal control probands. Archives of General Psychiatry 39, 1157–1167.Google Scholar
Geschwind, N. & Levitsky, W. (1968). Human brain: left-right asymmetries in temporal speech region. Science 161, 186–187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodman, N. (1957). Relations between maternal age at parturition and incidence of mental disorder in the offspring. British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine 11, 203–213.Google Scholar
Golden, C. J., Graber, B., Coffman, J., Berg., R. A., Newlin, D. B. & Bloch, S. (1981). Structural brain deficits in schizophrenia: identification by computed tomographic scan density measurements. Archives of General Psychiatry 38, 1014–1017.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Groves, C. P. & Humphrey, N. K. (1973). Asymmetry in gorilla skulls: evidence of lateralised brain function? Nature 244, 53–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hare, E. H. (1983). Was insanity on the increase? British Journal of Psychiatry 142, 439–455.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hare, E. H. & Moran, P. A. P. (1979). Raised parental age in psychiatric patients: evidence for a constitutional hypothesis. British Journal of Psychiatry 134, 169–177.Google Scholar
Hare, E. H. & Moran, P. A. P. (1981). A relation between seasonal temperature and the birth rate of schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 63, 396–405.Google Scholar
Haverkamp, F., Propping, P. & Hilger, T. (1982). Is there an increase of reproductive rates in schizophrenics? I. A critical review of the literature. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten 232, 439–450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hickey, D. A. (1982). Selfish DNA: a sexually-transmitted nuclear parasite. Genetics 101, 519–531.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huxley, J., Mayr, E., Osmond, H. & Hoffer, A. (1964). Schizophrenia as a genetic morphism. Nature 204, 2–221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jablensky, A. (1987). Multicultural studies and the nature of schizophrenia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 80, 162–167.Google Scholar
Jenkins, N. A. & Copeland, N. G. (1985). High frequency germ-line acquisition of ecotropic MuLV proviruses in SWR/J-RF/J hybrid mice. Cell 43, 811–819.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jerison, H. A. (1973). Evolution of the Brain and Intelligence. Academic Press: New York.Google Scholar
Kasanin, J. (1933). The acute schizo-affective psychoses. American Journal of Psychiatry 90, 97–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katzir, N., Rechavi., G., Cohen, J. B., Unger, T., Simoni, F., Segal, S., Cohen, D. & Givol, D. (1985). ‘Retroposon’ insertion into the cellular oncogene c-myc in canine transmissible tumor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 82, 1054–1058.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kraepelin, E. (1920). Die Erscheinungsformen des Irreseins. Zeit-schrift für gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie 62, 1–29. (Reprinted as pp. 7–30, in Themes and Variations in European Psychiatry (ed. S. R. Hirsch and M. Shepherd). John Wright: Bristol, 1974.)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klerman, G. L., Lavori, P. W., Rice, J., Reich, T., Endicott, J., Andreasen, N. C., Keller, M. B. & Hirschfield, R. M. A., (1985). Birth-cohort trends in rates of major depressive disorder among relatives of patients with affective disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 42, 689–693.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kinney, D. K., & Jacobsen, B., (1978). Environmental factors in schizophrenia: new adoption study evidence. In The Nature of Schizophrenia (ed. Wynne, L. C., Cromwell, R. L. & Matthysse, S.), pp. 38–51. John Wiley: New York.Google Scholar
Kretschmer, P. J. & Cohen, S. N. (1979). Effect of temperature on translocation frequency of the Tn3 element. Journal of Bacteriology 139, 515–519.Google Scholar
Largen, J. W., Calderon, M., & Smith, R. C. (1983). Asymmetries in the densities of white and gray matter in the brains of schizophrenic patients. American Journal of Psychiatry 140, 1060–1062.Google Scholar
Levick, S. E. (1985). More on birth season seasonality and schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 42, 738.Google Scholar
Lewis, A. (1958). Fertility and mental illness. Eugenics Review 50, 91–106.Google Scholar
Lewis, M. S. & Griffin, T. A. (1981). An explanation for the season of birth effect in schizophrenia and certain other diseases. Psychological Bulletin 89, 589–596.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lian, Z-H., Zack, M. M. & Erickson, J. D. (1986). Paternal age and the occurrence of birth defects. American Journal of Human Genetics 39, 648–660.Google ScholarPubMed
Loeb, D. D., Padgett, R. W., Hardies, S. C., Shehee, W. R., Comer, M. B., Edgell, M. H. & Hutchinson, C. A. (1986). The sequence of a large LIMd element reveals a tandemly repeated 5′ end and several features found in retroposons. Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, 168–182.Google Scholar
MacSorley, K. (1964). An investigation into the fertility of mentally ill patients. Annals of Human Genetics 27, 247–256.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGue, M., Gottesman, I. I. & Rao, D. C. (1986). The analysis of schizophrenia family data. Behavior Genetics 16, 75–87.Google Scholar
McNeil, T. F. (1987). Perinatal factors in the development of schizophrenia. In Biological Perspectives in Schizophrenia (ed. Helmchen, H. and Henn, F. A.). Dahlem Workshop, 10 1986. John Wiley: Chichester. (In the press.)Google Scholar
McNeil, T. F., Dalen, P., Dzierzykray–Rogalska, M. & Kaij, L. (1975). Birth rates of schizophrenics following relatively warm versus relatively cool summers. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten 221, 1–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mager, D. L. & Henthorn, P. S. (1984). Identification of a retrovirus like element in human DNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA. 81 7510–7514.Google Scholar
Mendlewicz, J. & Rainer, J. D. (1977). Adoption study supporting genetic transmission in manic-depressive illness. Nature 268, 327–329.Google Scholar
Moran, P. A. P. (1965). Schizophrenia and maternal age at parturition. Annals of Human Genetics 28, 269–272.Google Scholar
Musich, P. R. & Dykes, R. J. (1986). A long interspersed (LINE) DNA exhibiting polymorphic patterns in human genomes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 83, 4854–4858.Google Scholar
Paquin, C. E. & Williamson, V. M. (1984). Temperature effects on the rate of Ty transposition. Science 226, 53–57.Google Scholar
Parfitt, D. N. (1956). The neurology of schizophrenia. Journal of Mental Science 102, 671–718.Google Scholar
Paulson, K. E., Deka, N., Schmid, C. W., Misra, R., Schindler, C. W., Rush, M. G., Kadyk, L. & Leinwand, L. (1985). A transposonlike element in human DNA. Nature 316, 359–361.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Penrose, L. S. (1955). Parental age and mutation. Lancet ii, 312–313.Google Scholar
Penrose, L. S. (1968). Critical survey of schizophrenia genetics. In Modern Perspectives in World Psychiatry (ed. Howells, J. G.), pp. 3–19. Oliver & Boyd: Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Pilbeam, D. & Gould, S. J. (1974). Size and scaling in human evolution. Science 186, 892–901.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Powell, A., Thomson, N., Hall, D. J. & Wilson, L. (1973). Parent–child concordance with respect to sex and diagnosis in schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis. British Journal of Psychiatry 123, 653–658.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Price, R. A., Kidd, K. K., Pauls, D. L., Gershon, E. S., Prusoff, B. A., Weissman, M. M. & Goldin, L. R. (1985). Multiple threshold models for the affective disorders: the Yale-NIMH collaborative family study. Journal of Psychiatric Research 19, 533–546.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pulver, A. E., Stewart, W., Carpenter, W. T. & Childs, B. (1983). Risk factors in schizophrenia; season of birth in Maryland, USA. British Journal of Psychiatry 143, 383–396.Google Scholar
Rao, D. C., Morton, N. E., Gottesman, I. I. & Lew, R. (1981). Path analysis of qualitative data on pairs of relatives: applications to schizophrenia. Human Heredity 31, 325–333.Google Scholar
Rechavi, G., Givol, D. & Canaani, E. (1982). Activation of a cellular oncogene by DNA rearrangement: possible involvement of an ISlike element. Nature 300, 607–611.Google Scholar
Reveley, M. A., Reveley, A. M. & Baldy, R. (1987). Left cerebral hemisphere hypodensity in discordant schizophrenic twins: a controlled study. Archives of General Psychiatry 44, 625–632.Google Scholar
Reynolds, G. P. (1983). Increased concentrations and lateral asymmetry of amygdala dopamine in schizophrenia. Nature 305, 527–529.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, D. (1970). Genetic Theory and Abnormal Behavior. McGraw-Hill: New York.Google Scholar
Shapiro, J. A. (1983). Mobile Genetic Elements. Academic Press: New York.Google Scholar
Shur, E. (1982). Season of birth in high and low genetic risk schizophrenics. British Journal of Psychiatry 140, 410–415.Google Scholar
Shur, E. & Hare, E. H. (1983). Age prevalence and the season of birth effect in schizophrenia: a response to Lewis & Griffin. Psychological Bulletin 93, 373–377.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smeraldi, E., Negri, F. & Melica, A. M. (1977). A genetic study of the affective disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 56, 382–398.Google Scholar
Southard, E. E. (1915). On the topographic distribution of cortex lesions and anomalies in dementia praecox, with some account of their functional significance. American Journal of Insanity 71, 603–671.Google Scholar
Stevens, B. (1969). Marriage and Fertility of Women Suffering from Schizophrenia and Affective Disorder. Maudsley Monograph no.19. Oxford University Press: Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Templer, D. I. (1982). Comment on the Lewis and Griffin explanation for season of birth effect in schizophrenia. Journal of Onhomolecular Psychiatry 11, 219–221.Google Scholar
Torrey, E. F. (1987). Hypotheses on the seasonality of schizophrenic births. In Etiopathogenic Hypotheses of Schizophrenia. (ed. Cazzullo, C. L.). MIP. Press: Lancaster. (In the press.)Google Scholar
Tramer, M. (1929). The biological significance of the birth month, with special reference to psychosis. Schweizer Archiv für Neurologie und Psychialrie. 24, 17–24.Google Scholar
Varmus, H. E. (1982). Form and function of retroviral proviruses. Science 216, 812–820.Google Scholar
Vogel, H. P. (1979). Fertility and sibship size in a psychiatric patient population: a comparison with national census data. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 60, 483–503.Google Scholar
Watson, C. G., Kucala, T., Angulski, G. & Brunn, C. (1984). Schizophrenic birth seasonality in relation to the incidence of infectious diseases and temperature extremes. Archives of General Psychiatry. 41, 85–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yeni-Komshian, G. H. & Benson, D. A. (1976). Anatomical study of cerebral asymmetry in the temporal lobe of humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus monkeys. Science 192, 387–389.Google Scholar
Zipursky, R., Lim., K. & Pfefferbaum, A. (1987). Computerised volumetric assessment of cerebral asymmetry in schizophrenia.Abstract no 194 Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Convention of the Society of Biological Psychiatry,Chicago,May 1987.Google Scholar