Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-dfsvx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T14:59:18.934Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Personality deviance and personal symptomatology1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2009

G. A. Foulds
Affiliation:
M.R.C. Unit for Research on the Epidemiology of Psychiatric Illness, Department of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburghy

Synopsis

It is argued that personality deviance and personal symptomatology fall within different universes of discourse and that any individual may belong to either, neither, or both classes. In order to develop suitable measurements, distinctions are drawn between symptoms, states, deviant and normal traits, which have implications for the distributions of scores and for their stability or change over time. Measures likely to meet the criteria are illustrated. A classification is developed which incorporates those with and without the ability to cope with personal symptomatology and/or personality deviance. Some uses of the classificatory scheme and the measurements are suggested.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1971

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., and Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berrington, W. P., Liddell, D. W., and Foulds, G.A. (1956). A re-evaluation of the fugue. Journal of Mental Science, 102, 280286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caine, T. M., and Hope, K. (1967). Manual of the Hysteroid-Obsessoid Questionnaire (HOQ). University of London Press: London.Google Scholar
Caine, T. M., Foulds, G. A., and Hope, K. (1967). Manual of the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire (HDHQ). University of London Press: London.Google Scholar
Cattell, R. B., and Eber, H. W. (1965). The 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire. 3rd edn.Institute for Personality and Ability Testing: Champaign, Illinois.Google Scholar
Eysenck, H. J. (1960). Handbook of Abnormal Psychology. Edited by Eysenck, H. J.. Pitman Medical: London.Google Scholar
Foulds, G. A. (1951). Temperamental differences in maze performance. I. Characteristic differences among psychoneurotics. British Journal of Psychology, 42, 209217.Google Scholar
Foulds, G. A. (1965). Personality and Personal Illness. Tavistock Publications: London.Google Scholar
Foulds, G. A. (1968). Neurosis and character disorder in hospital and in prison. British Journal of Criminology, 8, 4649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foulds, G. A., and Hope, K. (1968). Manual of the SymptomSign Inventory (SSI). University of London Press: London.Google Scholar
Freud, S. (1917). Mourning and melancholia. In Collected Papers, Vol. 4, pp. 152170. Hogarth Press: London. 1925.Google Scholar
Hare, E. H., and Shaw, G. K. (1965). Mental Health on a New Housing Estate. Oxford University Press: London.Google Scholar
Jaspers, K. (1963). General Psychopathology. Manchester University Press: Manchester.Google Scholar
Karpman, B. (1941). On the need of separating psychopathy into two distinct clinical types: the symptomatic and the idiopathic. Journal of Criminal Psychopathology, 3, 112137.Google Scholar
McAllister, J. (1968). Foulds' ‘continuum of personal illness’ and the 16 P.P. British Journal of Psychiatry, 114, 5356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marks, I. M. (1965). Patterns of Meaning in Psychiatric Patients. Oxford University Press: London.Google Scholar
Mayo, P. R. (1967). Some psychological changes associated with improvement in depression. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 6, 6368.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mayo, P. R. (1969). Women with neurotic symptoms who do not seek treatment. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 42, 165169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milton, O., and Wahler, R. G. (1969). Perspectives and trends. In Behavior Disorders. Edited by Milton, O. and Wahler, R. G.. Lippincott: New York.Google Scholar
Philip, A. E. (1971). Psychometric changes associated with response to drug treatment. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. (In press.)Google Scholar
Scheier, I. H., and Cattell, R. B. (1961). Handbook for the Neuroticism Scale Questionnaire. Institute for Personality and Ability Testing: Champaign, Illinois.Google Scholar
Schneider, K. (1958). Psychopathic Personalities. Cassell: London.Google Scholar
Shepherd, M., Brooke, E. M., Cooper, J. E., and Lin, T. (1968). An experimental approach to psychiatric diagnosis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Suppl. 201.Google Scholar
Szasz, T. S. (1960). The myth of mental illness. American Psychologist, 15, 113118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wheelis, A. (1969). The quest for identity. In Behavior Disorders. Edited by Milton, O. and Wahler, R. G.. Lippincott: New York.Google Scholar