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Impact des facteurs individuels et environnementaux sur le taux d’aberrations chromosomiques de type translocations Partie 1 : âge, sexe, tabac, alcool

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 June 2010

E. Grégoire ,
G. Gruel ,
C. Martin ,
S. Roch-Lefèvre ,
A. Vaurijoux ,
P. Voisin  and
L. Roy
E. Grégoire
Affiliation:
IRSN, Laboratoire de Dosimétrie Biologique, BP 17, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.
G. Gruel
Affiliation:
IRSN, Laboratoire de Dosimétrie Biologique, BP 17, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.
C. Martin
Affiliation:
IRSN, Laboratoire de Dosimétrie Biologique, BP 17, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.
S. Roch-Lefèvre
Affiliation:
IRSN, Laboratoire de Dosimétrie Biologique, BP 17, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.
A. Vaurijoux
Affiliation:
IRSN, Laboratoire de Dosimétrie Biologique, BP 17, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.
P. Voisin
Affiliation:
IRSN, Laboratoire de Dosimétrie Biologique, BP 17, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.
L. Roy
Affiliation:
IRSN, Laboratoire de Dosimétrie Biologique, BP 17, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.
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Abstract

L’évaluation de l’exposition aux rayonnements ionisants, effectuée longtemps après l’exposition, est actuellement réalisée en dénombrant les aberrations chromosomiques de type translocations. Le taux de ces translocations observées dans les lymphocytes des personnes exposées est comparé au taux observé au sein d’une population contrôle. Toutefois, la spécificité des translocations vis-à-vis de l’irradiation n’est pas clairement identifiée. Afin d’éviter toute conclusion hâtive, il est nécessaire d’identifier tous les facteurs susceptibles d’induire des translocations. À notre connaissance, aucune synthèse sur l’effet de ces différents facteurs sur le taux de translocations n’a été réalisée à ce jour. Cette recherche bibliographique a confirmé l’impact de certains facteurs personnels sur l’augmentation des translocations. Cette étude corrobore que l’âge s’avère être le facteur ayant le plus d’impact sur le taux de translocations, notamment après 60 ans. À ce jour, le facteur « âge » est déjà considéré dans l’estimation du taux de translocations après suspicion d’exposition aux rayonnements ionisants pour toutes les classes d’âge. L’étude montre également que ce taux varie significativement lorsque le patient est exposé simultanément et de manière importante et chronique à une combinaison alcool et tabac. Ainsi, une courbe du taux de translocations devrait être établie en fonction de la consommation excessive de ce type d’agent pour chaque individu. Ainsi il serait alors possible de déterminer le taux de translocations induit uniquement par une exposition radiologique. Les effets des agents toxiques sur le taux de translocations après exposition professionnelle feront l’objet d’une deuxième partie.

Keywords

Chromosomal translocationlifestyle factorindividual agentretrospective dosimetryenvironmental factor
Type
Article
Information
Radioprotection , Volume 45 , Issue 2 , April 2010 , pp. 153 - 169
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, 2010

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