As an anthropologist working on citizenship, I cannot but be delighted to see what has sometimes been perceived as an ‘illegitimate’ object for the discipline attracting growing interest. While in such matters, it is often difficult to distinguish clearly between different lines of arguments that are entangled in complex ways, I will try to organise my comments around two themes: a critical discussion of Nic Craith's approach to citizenship as being so much informed by a ‘culturalist’ approach to culture that it cannot avoid certain traps; and my proposals for an alternative way of discussing relationships between identities and citizenship from an anthropological perspective.