Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-x4r87 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-28T11:18:31.360Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Preliminary Analysis of the Psychometric Properties of Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-Being in Portuguese Adolescents

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2013

Helder Miguel Fernandes ,
José Vasconcelos-Raposo  and
Carla Maria Teixeira
Helder Miguel Fernandes*
Affiliation:
Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (Portugal)
José Vasconcelos-Raposo
Affiliation:
Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (Portugal)
Carla Maria Teixeira
Affiliation:
Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (Portugal)
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Helder Miguel Fernandes. Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano. Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro. Rua Dr. Manuel Cardona. 5000-588 Vila Real. (Portugal). Phone: +351-259330100. Fax: +351-259330167. E-mail: hfernandes@utad.pt
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This article presents a set of research studies that aim to adapt Carol Ryff‘s scales of psychological well-being (SPWB) and to analyze its psychometric properties in adolescents. The first two studies focused on the reliability and factorial validity of different Portuguese short versions of SPWB, revealing measurement models inadequacies and low internal consistency. In the third study we developed a shortened version (30 items), taking into account the application of psychometric criteria suggested by van Dierendonck (2005). The scales of this version revealed better reliability and adequate goodness of fit indices for the six-factor model, as proposed by Carol Ryff’s PWB theory. Although further research focused on the psychometrical properties reanalysis of this shortened version of SPWB is needed, this article provides a contribution to the research and intervention on positive mental health during adolescence.

Este trabajo de investigación presenta un conjunto de estudios sobre la adecuación de las escalas de bienestar psicológico (EBEP) de Carol Ryff y el análisis de sus propiedades psicométricas en adolescentes. Los dos primeros estudios se centraron en la fiabilidad y validez factorial de las diferentes versiones reducidas de las EBEP, en portugués, demostrando, todavía, algunos problemas de ajuste de los modelos y una baja consistencia interna. El tercer estudio trató de desarrollar una versión corta (30 ítems), teniendo en cuenta la aplicación de criterios de maximización psicométrica, como planteado por van Dierendonck (2005). Esta versión mostró una consistencia interna más satisfactoria y mejores indicadores de ajuste de los modelos, confirmando la estructura multidimensional de seis factores propuesta por Carol Ryff. En resumen, a pesar de que son necesarios futuros estudios centrados en la revisión de las propiedades psicométricas de esta versión corta de las EBEP, el artículo en cuestión proporciona una innegable contribución a la investigación y acción en el ámbito de la salud mental positiva de los adolescentes.

Keywords

well-beingadolescentspsychometricsbienestaradolescentespsicometria
Type
Research Article
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 13 , Issue 2 , November 2010 , pp. 1032 - 1043
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allport, G. W. (1958). Personality: Normal and abnormal. Sociological Review, 6(2), 167–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allport, G. W. (1961). Pattern and growth in personality. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar
Banville, D., Desrosiers, P. & Genet-Volet, Y. (2000). Translating questionnaires and inventories using a cross-cultural translation technique. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 19, 374–387.Google Scholar
Birren, J. E. (1961). A brief history of the psychology of aging. Gerontologist, 1, 69–77.Google Scholar
Bizarro, L. (1999). O bem-estar psicológico durante a adolescência. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Universidade do Lisboa, Portugal.Google Scholar
Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York: WileyGoogle Scholar
Buhler, C. (1935). The curve of life as studied in biographies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 19, 405–409.Google Scholar
Carrasco, M. G. (2004). El benestar psicològic en l'adolescència: La perspectiva de les ciències de la complexitat. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Universidad de Girona, Spain.Google Scholar
Casullo, M. M. & Solano, A. C. (2001). El significado del bienestar psicológico en estudiantes adolescentes. Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación Psicológica, 12(2), 57–70.Google Scholar
Cheng, S.-T. & Chan, A. C. M. (2005). Measuring psychological well-being in the Chinese. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 1307–1316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, L. A. & Watson, D. (1995). Constructing validity: Basic issues in objective scale development. Psychological Assessment, 7(3), 309–319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Compton, W. C. (2001). Toward a tripartite factor structure of mental health: Subjective well-being, personal growth, and religiosity. The Journal of Psychology, 135(5), 486–500.Google Scholar
Compton, W. C., Smith, M. L., Cornish, K. A., & Qualls, D. L. (1996). Factor structure of mental health measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(2), 406–413.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Díaz, D., Rodríguez-Carvajal, R., Blanco, A., Moreno-Jiménez, B., Gallardo, I., Valle, C. et al. (2006). Adaptacion espanola de las escalas de bienestar psicológico de Ryff. Psicothema, 18(3), 572–577.Google Scholar
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542–575.Google Scholar
Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erikson, E. H. (1959). Identity and the life cycle. Psychological Issues, 1, 18–164.Google Scholar
Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: W.W. Norton.Google Scholar
Ferreira, J. A. & Simões, A. (1999). Escalas de bem-estar psicológico (EBEP). In Simões, M. R., Gonçalves, M. M., & Almeida, L. S. (Eds.), Testes e provas psicológicas em Portugal. (Vol. 2, pp. 111–121). Braga: APPORT/SHO.Google Scholar
Hatcher, L. (1994). A step-by-step approach to using the SAS system for factor analysis and structural equation modelling. Cary, NC: SAS Institute.Google Scholar
Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cut-off criteria for fit indices in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huebner, E. S. (1991). Initial development of the students' life satisfaction scale. School Psychology International, 12, 231–240.Google Scholar
Huebner, E. S. (1994). Preliminary development and validation of a multidimensional life satisfaction scale for children. Psychological Assessment, 6(2), 149–158.Google Scholar
Jahoda, M. (1958). Current concepts of positive mental health. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Jung, C. G. (1933). Modern man in search of a soul. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.Google Scholar
Kafka, G. J., & Kozma, A. (2002). The construct validity of Ryff's scales of psychological well-being (SPWB) and their relationship to measures of subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, 57, 171–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahneman, D., Diener, E., & Schwarz, N. (Eds.) (1999). Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology. New York: Russell Sage.Google Scholar
Keyes, C. L. M. (2002). The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. Journal of Health and Social Research, 43(2), 207–222.Google Scholar
Keyes, C. L. M. (2003). Promoting a life worth living: Human development from the vantage points of mental illness and mental health. In Lerner, R. M., Wertlieb, D., & Jacobs, F. (Eds.), Handbook of applied developmental science: Promoting positive child, adolescent, and family development through research, policies, and programs, (Vol. 4, pp. 257–274). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Keyes, C. L. M. (2004). The nexus of cardiovascular disease and depression revisited: The complete mental health perspective and the moderating role of age and gender. Aging & Mental Health, 8(3), 266–274.Google Scholar
Keyes, C. L. M. (2005). Mental illness and/or mental health? Investigating axioms of the complete state model health. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(3), 539–548.Google Scholar
Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007–1022.Google Scholar
Kitamura, T., Kishida, Y., Gatayama, R., Matsuoka, T., Miura, S., & Yamabe, K. (2004). Ryff's psychological well-being inventory: Factorial structure and life history correlates among Japanese university students. Psychological Reports, 94, 83–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modelling. New York: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Lent, R. W. (2004). Toward a unifying theoretical and practical perspective on well-being and psychosocial adjustment. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(4), 482–509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindfors, P., & Lundberg, U. (2002). Is low cortisol release an indicator of positive health? Stress and Health, 18, 153–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindfors, P., Berntsson, L., & Lundberg, U. (2006). Factor structure of Ryff's psychological well-being scales in Swedish female and male white-collar workers. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(6), 1213–1222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maslow, A. H. (1954). The instinctoid nature of basic needs. Journal of Personality, 22(3), 326–347.Google Scholar
Maslow, A. H. (1968). Toward a psychology of being (2nd ed.). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.Google Scholar
Moreira, J. J. P. (2001). Estudo da relação entre prática de actividade desportiva, bem-estar psicológico e satisfação com a vida em estudantes do ensino superior do concelho de Viseu. (Unpublished master's thesis). Universidade do Porto, Portugal.Google Scholar
Neto, F. (1993). The satisfaction with life scale: Psychometrics properties in an adolescent sample. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 22(2), 125–134.Google Scholar
Neugarten, B. L. (1968). Middle age and aging. Chicago: University Press.Google Scholar
Novo, R. F. (2003). Para além da eudaimonia: O bem-estar psicológico em mulheres na idade adulta avançada. Coimbra: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian/Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia.Google Scholar
Novo, R. F., Duarte-Silva, E., & Peralta, E. (1997). O bemestar psicológico em adultos: Estudo das características psicométricas da versão portuguesa das escalas de C. Ryff. In Gonçalves, M., Ribeiro, I., Araújo, S., Machado, C., Almeida, L. S., & Simões, M. (Eds.), Avaliação psicológica: Formas e contextos, (Vol. 5, 99. 313–324). Braga: APPORT/SHO.Google Scholar
Paradise, A. W., & Kernis, M. H. (2002). Self-esteem and psychological well-being: Implications of fragile self-esteem. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 21(4), 345–361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, C. R. (1947). Some observations on the organization of personality. American Psychologist, 2, 358–368.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141–166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ryff, C. D. (1989a). Beyond Ponce de Leon and life satisfaction: New directions in quest of successful ageing. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 12(1), 35–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryff, C. D. (1989b). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081.Google Scholar
Ryff, C. D. (1989c). In the eye of the beholder: Views of psychological well-being among middle-aged and older adults. Psychology and Aging, 4(2), 195–210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ryff, C. D. (1995). Psychological well-being in adult life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 4(4), 99–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryff, C. D. (1991). Possible selves in adulthood and old age: A tale of shifting horizons. Psychology and Aging, 6(2), 286–295.Google Scholar
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719–727.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (1996). Psychological well-being: Meaning, measurement, and implications for psychotherapy research. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 65, 14–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (1998). The contours of positive Human health. Psychological Inquiry, 9(1), 1–28.Google Scholar
Schmutte, P. S., & Ryff, C. D. (1997). Personality and well-being: Reexamining methods and meanings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(3), 549–559.Google Scholar
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Springer, K. W., & Hauser, R. M. (2006). An assessment of the construct validity of Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-Being: Method, mode, and measurement effects. Social Science Research, 35(4), 1080–1112.Google Scholar
van de Vijver, F., & Hambleton, R. K. (1996). Translating tests: Some practical guidelines. European Psychologist, 1(2), 89–99.Google Scholar
van Dierendonck, D. (2005). The construct validity of Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-Being and its extension with spiritual well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 629–643.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Dierendonck, D, Díaz, D., Rodríguez-Carvajal, R., Blanco, A., & Moreno-Jiménez, B. (2008). Ryff's six-factor model of psychological well-being: A Spanish exploration. Social Indicators Research, 87(3), 473–479.Google Scholar
Vleioras, G., & Bosma, H. A. (2005). Are identity styles important for psychological well-being? Journal of Adolescence, 28(3), 397–409.Google Scholar
Waterman, A. S. (1993). Two conceptions of happiness: Contrasts of personal expressiveness (eudaimonia) and hedonic enjoyment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(4), 678–691.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zullig, K. J., Huebner, E. S., Gilman, R., Patton, J. M., & Murray, K. A. (2005). Validation of the brief multidimensional student's life satisfaction scale among college students. American Journal of Health Behavior, 29(3), 206–214.Google Scholar