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Evolution of Gender Stereotypes in Spain: Traits and Roles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 April 2014

Mercedes López-Sáez ,
J. Francisco Morales  and
Ana Lisbona
Mercedes López-Sáez*
Affiliation:
Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (Spain)
J. Francisco Morales*
Affiliation:
Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (Spain)
Ana Lisbona*
Affiliation:
Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (Spain)
*
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to the authors: Facultad de Psicología, UNED, Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, C/ Juan del Rosal, 10, 28040 Madrid(Spain). E-mails: mlopez@psi.uned.es; folco_and@yahoo.es; amlisbona@psi.uned.esTranslation: Virginia Navascués Howard
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to the authors: Facultad de Psicología, UNED, Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, C/ Juan del Rosal, 10, 28040 Madrid(Spain). E-mails: mlopez@psi.uned.es; folco_and@yahoo.es; amlisbona@psi.uned.esTranslation: Virginia Navascués Howard
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to the authors: Facultad de Psicología, UNED, Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, C/ Juan del Rosal, 10, 28040 Madrid(Spain). E-mails: mlopez@psi.uned.es; folco_and@yahoo.es; amlisbona@psi.uned.esTranslation: Virginia Navascués Howard
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Abstract

The aim of this study is twofold: to determine whether (and how) gender stereotypes have changed over time through a comparison of two different sets of data collected in 1993 (N = 1255) and 2001 (N = 1255) from a representative sample of the Spanish population, and to examine the relation between gender traits and roles and its stability over time. In addition, special attention is paid to the psychometric properties of the measures of gender traits and roles used in the study. The content of gender stereotypes was found to remain stable over the target period of time, confirming the classical typology (a higher assignment of expressive-communal traits to women and of instrumental-agentic traits to men). The structure of the gender-role questionnaire allows us to distinguish between family-role and work-role stereotyping. Gender-role stereotyping shows a marked decline between 1993 and 2001, a result that contrasts with the stability of trait-role stereotyping. The fact that a very low correlation is observed at the two time points between these two components of gender stereotyping strongly suggests their independence.

En este estudio se persigue un doble objetivo: comprobar la evolución de los estereotipos de género en dos aplicaciones, efectuadas en 1993 (N = 1255) y 2001 (N = 1255), ambas con muestras representativas de la población española, y analizar la relación que existe entre rasgos y roles, examinando si se han producido cambios en esa relación con el paso del tiempo. Asimismo, se analizan las propiedades psicométricas de las medidas de rasgo y de rol empleadas. Los resultados muestran que el contenido de los estereotipos de rasgo no se ha modificado, confirmándose la clásica tipología en la que se asignan más rasgos expresivo-comunales a las mujeres que a los hombres y, por el contrario, más rasgos instrumental-agentes a los hombres. La estructura del cuestionario de roles, permite diferenciar entre estereotipia de rol familiar y estereotipia de rol laboral. Al comparar la evolución de los estereotipos en este periodo, se observa un descenso en la estereotipia de la población española, más acusada en el componente de rol que en el de rasgo. La correlación entre ambos componentes es muy baja o no significativa, sin que se observen cambios importantes en la evolución de esa relación. Estos resultados parecen corroborar la independencia entre los componentes de rasgo y de rol.

Keywords

gender stereotypesinstrumental traitsexpressive traitsrole stereotypesestereotipos de génerorasgos instrumentalesrasgos expresivosestereotipia de rol de género
Type
Articles
Information
The Spanish Journal of Psychology , Volume 11 , Issue 2 , November 2008 , pp. 609 - 617
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

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