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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 March 2016
My brothers should not grieve that my life has come to an end, because never was I so useful to them in the past as I will be in the future, providing they are willing to keep the commandments of God. As a matter of fact I, and all my brothers whose life has ended as mine has, will stay with them, and I will appear and give them much better advice than hitherto.
1 Aguilers, Raymond of, Historia Francorum qui ceperunt Iherusalem, ed. France, John (unpublished Ph. D. thesis, University of Nottingham, 1967), 139 Google Scholar (PL 155: 620B): ‘Et ne doleant, fratres mei, si ego vitam finivi, quoniam nunquam eis profui tantum quantum prodero, si praecepta Dei servare voluerint. Etenim cum illis habitabo, et omnes fratres mei qui vitam, ut ego, finierunt; et eis apparebo, et multo melius quam hactenus consiliabor eos.’ I am grateful to Professor France for permission to quote from his thesis, which I consider a superior edition to those of the Recueil des historiens des croisades: Historiens occidentaux, 5 vols (Paris, 1844–95), 3: 235–309; Le ‘Liber’ de Raymond d’Aguilers, eds Hill, J. H. and Hill, L. L. (Paris, 1969)Google Scholar; and that in PL 155: 591–668A, to which, nevertheless, references are also given here, as they are more accessible than the thesis.
2 For the role of Bishop Adhémar of Le Puy and his authority on the First Crusade, see Hill, J. H. and Hill, L. L., ‘Contemporary Accounts and the Later Representation of Adhémar, Bishop of Le Puy’, Medievalia et Humanistica 8 (1955), 30–38 Google Scholar; Brundage, J. A., ‘Adhémar of Puy: the Bishop and his Critics’, Speculum 34 (1959), 201–12 CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Mayer, H. E., ‘Zur Beurteilung Adhémars von Le Puy’, Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters 16 (1960), 547–52 Google Scholar; Robinson, I. S., The Papacy 1073–1198 (Cambridge, 1990), 350–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3 Morris, C., ‘Policy and Visions: The Case of the Holy Lance at Antioch’, in Gillingham, J. and Holt, J. C., eds, War and Government in the Middle Ages: Essays in Honour of Prestwich, J. O. (Woodbridge, 1984), 33–45.Google Scholar
4 Letter of Bohemond and the other princes to Pope Urban II, in Hagenmeyer, H., ed., Epistuiae et chartae ad historiam primi belli sacri spectantes quae supersunt aevo aequales ac genuinae: Die Kreuzzugsbriefe aus denjahren 1088–1100 (Innsbruck, 1901), 163.Google Scholar
5 Raymond of Aguilers, Historia Francorum, ed. France, 138–40 (PL 155: 0619D). The see of Le Puy was not filled until 1102, when Pons de Tournon was appointed.
6 For the wider context to this issue, see n. 22 below.
7 For Arnulf, chaplain to Robert I, Duke of Normandy, before becoming Patriarch of Jerusalem in 1099 and again from 1112 to 1115, see Foreville, R., ‘Un chef de la première croisade: Arnulf Malecouronne’, Bulletin philologique et historique du comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques, 1953-1954 (1955) 377–90 Google Scholar. See also Hamilton, B., The Latin Church in the Crusader States (London, 1980), 12–13.Google Scholar
8 For references to Peter Desiderius, see Riley-Smith, J., The First Crusaders (Cambridge, 1997), 216.Google Scholar
9 Aguilers, Raymond of, Historia Francorum, ed. France, , 230–31 Google Scholar (PL 155: 639A-B): ‘Ego vidi post obitum eius episcopum Podiensem et beatum Nicolaum cum eo, et post multa alia, dixit mihi episcopus haec “Ego sum in uno choro cum beato Nicolao, sed quia de lancea Domini dubitavi, qui maxime credere debuissem, deductus sum in infernum, ibique capilli mei ex hac parte capitis dextera, et medietas barbae combusta est, et licet in poena non sim, tamen clare Deum videre non potero, donec capilli et barba sicut ante fuerant, mihi succreverint.”’
10 Kingsley, A., ‘Bari, Modena and St.-Gilles’, The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 43: 245 (August 1923), 58–67.Google Scholar
11 ‘Historia belli sacri’, in Recueil des historiens des croisades: Historiens occidentaux, 5 vols (Paris, 1844-95), 3: 206.Google Scholar
12 For Heraclius I of Polignac, see Riley-Smith, , First Crusaders, 211.Google Scholar
13 Raymond of Aguilers, Historia Francorum, ed. France, 239–42 (PL 155: 640C-D).
14 Ibid. 256 (PL 155: 643A).
15 For Stephen of Valence, see Riley-Smith, , First Crusaders, 223.Google Scholar
16 ‘Gaude Maria virgo: cunetas haereses sola interemisti in universo mundo.’
17 Aguilers, Raymond of, Historia Francorum, ed. France, , 325–26 Google Scholar (PL 155: 654D-655B).
18 Ibid. 266 (PL 155: 645A).
19 Ibid. 325–26 (PL 155: 654D-655B).
20 Ibid. 348 (PL 155: 660A): ‘In hac die dominus Ademaras, Podiensis episcopus, a multis in civitate visus est. Etiam multi de eo testantur, quod ipse primus murum ascendens, ad ascendendum socios atque populum invitabat.’
21 For further analysis of the political content of the visions, see Kostick, C., The Social Structure of the First Crusade (Leiden, 2008), 120–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22 See Goff, Jacques Le, The Birth of Purgatory (Chicago, EL, 1984)Google Scholar, and the critique by Gurevich, A. Ja., ‘Popular and Scholarly Medieval Traditions: Notes in the Margins of Jacques Le Goff’s Book’, JMedH 9 (1983), 71–90.Google Scholar
