Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vfjqv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-29T11:48:27.514Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

British Churches and the Cinema in the 1930s

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2016

G. I. T. Machin*
Affiliation:
University of Dundee

Extract

With the possible exception of the ‘wireless’, the cinema was the most popular form of entertainment in Britain from the 1920s to the 1950s, when attendances began to decline and cinemas to close because of the competing power of television. On the eve of the Second World War, television was still in struggling infancy, while the number of cinemas had grown from some 3,000 in 1914 to about 5,000 in 1939, some of the recent ones having been built on a palatial scale. The introduction of sound films in 1929 enhanced the cinema’s popularity, and by 1939 annual attendances exceeded 1,500 million. Still higher figures were reached for a few years from 1945.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Ecclesiastical History Society 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Walvin, J., Leisure and Society, 1830-1950 (London, 1978), p. 133 Google Scholar; Jones, S. G., Workers at Play: a Social and Economic History of Leisure, 1018-39 (London, 1986), p. 44 Google Scholar; Curran, J. and Porter, V., eds, British Cinema History (London, 1983), p. 375 Google Scholar. See also Richards, J., The Age of the Dream Palace: Cinema and Society in Britain, 1930–9 (London, 1984)Google Scholar.

2 Rowntree, B. S. and Lavers, G. R., English Life and Leisure (London, 1950), p. 228 Google Scholar; Curran, and Porter, , British Cinema History, p. 372 Google Scholar.

3 Jones, , Workers at Play, pp. 1217 Google Scholar; Aldgate, A., ‘Comedy, class and containment: the British cinema in the 1930s’, in Curran and Porter, British Cinema History, pp. 2578 Google Scholar.

4 29 June 1932; Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates, 5th ser. [hereafter PD], cclxvii, col. 1836.

5 Briggs, Quoted A., A History of Broadcasting in Great Britain, 3 vols (London, 1961–70), 1. p. 599 Google Scholar.

6 PD, cccxvii, col. 1033.

7 Public Morality Council, 30th Annual Report, 1929 (London, 1929).

8 31st Annual Report, 1930 (London, 1930), p. 11.

9 Lang to Cromer, 7 June 1930; London, Lambeth Palace Library, Archbishop Lang Papers [hereafter Lang Papers], 102, fol. 107.

10 Cromer to Lang, 8 Oct. 1930, ibid., fol. 185.

11 The Christian Worlds Dec. 1936, p. 7 (letter from The Revd P. H. Goodwin and others); 10 Dec. 1936, p. 8 (letter from C. F. Garden).

12 The Don, Revd A. C. to The McLeod, Revd James (Moderator, Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland), 26 Jan. 1937, Lang Papers, 16, fol. 11Google Scholar.

13 Don to Tyrell, 26 May 1937, ibid., fol. 81.

14 Guardian (Church of England newspaper), 1 Apr. 1938, p. 210. Lang, Cf. to Nugent, Major (Secretary to the Lord Chamberlain, Lord Clarendon), 22 Sept. 1938, copy, Lang Papers, 160, fol. 70; Don to Baron Guido Fuchs, 1 Oct. 1938, copy, ibid., fol. 74; Don to Major Nugent, 16 Dec. 1938, ibid., fol. 75Google Scholar.

15 Jasper, R. C. D., George Bell, Bishop of Chichester (London, 1967), p. 121; Guardian, 7 Jan. 1938, p. 3 Google Scholar.

16 Peel, A., Thirty-five to Fifty (London, 1938), pp. 1478 Google Scholar; Binfield, C., Pastor and People—the Biography of a Baptist Church (Coventry, 1984), p. 213 Google Scholar; letter of Hart, S.J., Methodist Times and Leader, 14 Mar. 1935 Google Scholar; SirMarchant, James Archbishop Lang, 3 Feb. 1933, Lang Papers, 14, fols 225 Google Scholar.

17 Marchant to Lang, 3 Feb. 1933, Lang Papers, 14, fol. 22; The Don, Revd A. C. to Marchant, 14 Mar. 1935, ibid., 15, fols 434; Don to Lady Hurd, 16 Aug. 1937, ibid., 16, fol. 162 Google Scholar.

18 Draft statement of Bishop of Croydon, Mar. 1933, ibid., 14, fols 72-8; leaflet on Cinema Christian Council, ‘private and confidential’, ibid., 14, fols 82-3.

19 Lang Papers, 15, 15 Apr., 17 May, and 15 july 1935, fols 60-1, 90-2, 109-10; Guardian, 17 June 1938, p. 393.

20 The Revd A. G Don to The Revd B. Hession, 20 July 1937, Lang Papers, 16, fol. 130; Don to Lady Hurd, 16 Aug. 1937, ibid., fol. 162; Don to Captain F. Hazle, 4 Nov. 1937, ibid., fols 179-80; The Revd B. Hession to Don, 8 Nov, 1937, ibid., fol. 183 Church Times, 7 and 21 Jan. 1938. PP. 3, 55.

21 Letter of T.E. Marks, J. Arthur Rank et al., in Methodist Times and Leader, 14 Mar. 1935; Lang Papers, 16, 14 June 1937, fols. 94-5; The Christian Cinema and Religious Film Society, undated leaflet, London, Lambeth Palace Library, Archbishop William Temple Papers, 24, fols 20–1.

22 Undated leaflet, William Temple Papers, 24, fols 20-1.

23 Lang to Stanley Baldwin, 3 Feb. 1933; Lang Papers, 14, fol. 21.

24 Jones, Workers at Play, p. 176.

25 Jones, S. G., The British Labour Movement and Film, 1918-39 (London, 1987), pp. 1314 Google Scholar.

26 Ibid., pp. 116-18;Jones, Workers at Play, pp. 174-5; PD, cclxvi, cols 715-800, cclxvii, cols 1821-1984; debates in Lower House of Convocation of Canterbury, 19 Jan. 1933, and in Upper House, 24 Jan. 1934: Chronicle of Convocation of Canterbury, ix.3, pp. 165-206, ix.5, pp. 16–29; Reports to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, 1931, p. 546.

27 Jones, The British Labour Movement and Film, p. 118.

28 Briggs, History of Broadcasting, 2, pp. 227-39; Universe, 24 Dec. 1936, p. 12; Peel, Thirty-five to Fifty, p. 145.

29 Reports to General Assembly of Church of Scotland, 1931, pp. 552-5.

30 PD, cclxvi, col. 743.

31 Ibid., col. 763.

32 Ibid., col. 764.

33 Ibid., col. 765.

34 Ibid., cols 765-6.

35 Ibid., cols 770-80.

36 Reports to General Assembly of Church of Scotland, 1932, pp. 512-14.

37 Baptist Handbook, 1933, p. 192; 1934, p. 195. Cf. Mrs Theodore Woods to Lang, 26 May 1933, Lang Papers, 14, fols 106-8.

38 Curran and Porter, British Cinema History, pp. 65-8.

39 Guardian, 4 Dec. 1936, p. 839.

40 Undated leaflet, William Temple papers, 24, fols 20-1.

41 Rowntree and Lavers, English Life and Leisure, pp. 237-41.

42 Curran, and Porter, , British Cinema History, pp. 26471 Google Scholar; Richards, J. and Aldgate, A., Best of British: Cinema and Society, 1930–70 (Oxford, 1983), pp. 302 Google Scholar.

43 Public Morality Council, 30th Annual Report, 1929 (London, 1929), p. 18.

44 31st Annual Report, 1930 (London, 1930), pp. 11-18.

45 38th Annual Repon, 1937 (London, 1937), pp. 21-2. Cf. 40th Annual Report, 1939 (London, 1939), p. 16.

46 Rowntree, and Lavers, , British Cinema History, p. 253. Cf. Guardian, 7 Jan. 1938, p. 11; 11 Mar. 1938, p. 155; 17 June 1938, p. 393Google Scholar.