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The Victorian Revival of Plainsong in English: its Usage under Tractarians and Ritualists

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2016

Walter Hillsman
Walter Hillsman*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Music, University of Oxford
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Extract

The revival of plainsong in mid-nineteenth-century English parish churches constituted one of the most distinctive developments in church music of the period. Even a brief study of the subject affords valuable insights into church musical usage and its interweaving with changes in musical taste and churchmanship.

Type
Research Article
Information
Studies in Church History , Volume 28: The Church and the Arts , 1992 , pp. 405 - 415
Copyright
Copyright © Academy of American Franciscan History 1992

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References

1 Hillsman, W., ‘Trends and aims in Anglican church music 1870–1906 in relation to developments in churchmanship’ (Oxford D.Phil. thesis, 1985), pp. 33, 35, 290, 359 Google Scholar.

2 ‘On the Gregorian Tones for the Psalms’, Parish Choir, no. 22 (Oct. 1847), p. 158.

3 [ Dyce, W., ed.], The Order of Daily Service, the Litany, and Order of the Administration of the Holy Communion, with Plain-Tune, according to the use of the United Church of England and Ireland (London, 1843 Google Scholar), Editor’s preface, [p. 10]. Dyce refers to the following publications: Lowe, E., A Short Directionfor the Performance of Cathedrall Service (London, 1661 Google Scholar); Playford, J., A Breefe Intro duction to the Skill of Music, 15th edn (London, 1703 Google Scholar).

4 ‘On the Gregorian Tones for the Psalms’, p. 158.

5 Rainbow, B., The Choral Revival in the Anglican Church 1839-1872 (London, 1970), p. 21 Google Scholar.

6 ‘X’, ‘On Modern Mutilations of the Gregorian Psalm Tones’, Parish Choir, no. 13 (Feb. 1847), p. 103.

7 Temperley, N., The Music of the English Parish Church, 2 vols (Cambridge, 1979), 1, p. 245 Google Scholar.

8 Rainbow, , Choral Revival, p. 26 Google Scholar.

9 Temperley, , Music of the English Parish Church, 1, p. 255 Google Scholar.

10 Rainbow, , Choral Revival, p. 57 Google Scholar.

11 Ibid., p. 20.

12 Ibid., pp. 148-50.

13 Ibid., pp. 169-70.

14 Ibid., pp. 154-6.

15 Ibid., pp. 185-7.

16 Mackeson, C., A Guide to the Churches of London and its Suburbs for 1879 (London, 1879), p. 162 Google Scholar.

17 Hillsnun, , ‘Trends and aims’, pp. 155–6, 179 Google Scholar.

18 ‘Bristol and Clifton Churches’, Church Times, 15 (19 Oct. 1877), p. 591.

19 ‘The Ely Choir Festival’, The Ecclesiologist, 20 (1859), p. 373; ‘The Second Choir Festival at Southwell Minster’, ibid., p. 189; ‘First Festival of Parochial Choirs in Canterbury Cathedral’, ibid., 23 (1861), pp. 210-11.

20 Reinagle, A. R., A Collection of Psalm and Hymn Tunes, Chants, and other Musk, as Sung in the Parish Church of St. Peter’s in the East Oxford (London, [1839]), pp. 113–17 Google Scholar.

21 For example, [Dyce, ed.], The Order of Daily Service, sig. F 1r.

22 For Example 1, see Redhead, R., Lauda diumae: the Psalter and Canticles in the Morning and Evening Service of the Church of England: Set and Pointed to the Gregorian Tones (London, 1843), sig. 1 [p. 1 Google Scholar]; for Oakley’s defence: ibid., preface, [p. 20].

23 For never superseded, see Rainbow, , Choral Revival, p. 86 Google Scholar; and Temperley, , Music of the English Parish Church, 1, p. 261 Google Scholar; for Example 2: Helmore, T., The Psalter Noted (London, 1849), p. 155 Google Scholar.

24 For ‘powerful emotions’, see ‘X’, ‘An Apology for Plain Chant’, Parish Choir, no. 22 (Oct. 1847), p. 82; for slow:’Ecclesiastical Music’, Ecclesiologist, 10(1850), p. 215.

25 Helmore, T., Accompanying Harmonies to the Brief Directory of the Plain Song, as used in Morning and Evening Prayer, Litany, and Holy Communion (London, 1853), preface, p. vi Google Scholar.

26 Ibid., Preface, pp. iv, v; Helmore, T., Plain Song (London, [1878]), pp. 48, 61–2 Google Scholar; ‘X’, ‘On the Gregorian Tones, and their adaptation to English Psalmody’, Parish Choir, no. 11 (Dec. 1846), pp. 85-6.

27 Helmore, T., ‘On Hymnody’, Ecclesiologia, 12 (1851), p. 177 Google Scholar.

28 Davies, H., Worship and Theology in England from Watts and Wesley to Maurice, 1690-1830 (Princeton and Oxford, 1961), p. 254 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

29 For ‘authorized’, see [ Dyce, W., ed.], The Psalter, or Psalms of David, Pointed as they are to besungor said in Churches (London, 1843), Appendix, [p. 4 Google Scholar]; for ‘ordered’: Helmore, , Plain Song, p. 48 Google Scholar.

30 Temperley, , Music of the English Parish Church, 1, p. 252 Google Scholar; Davies, , Worship and Theology, pp. 258, 265 Google Scholar.

31 Redhead, , Laudes diurnae, preface, [p. 19 Google Scholar].

32 For hammered, see Hillsman, , ‘Trends and aims’, p. 38 Google Scholar; forconrinental: Hillsman, W., ‘Instru mental Accompaniment of Plain-Chant in France from the late 18th Century’, Calpin Society Journal, 33 (1980), p. 13 Google Scholar; for barbarous: ‘X’, ‘Practical Hints on Congregational Psalmody. No. Ill”, Parish Choir, no. 19 (July 1847), p. 153.

33 ‘X’, ‘Practical Hints’, p. 153.

34 Otter, J., Nathaniel Woodard: A Memoir of his Life (London, 1925), p. 178 Google Scholar.

35 ‘The Centigrade Ritualometer’, Rock, no. 878 (12 May 1882), supplement, p. 360.

36 Rainbow, , Choral Revival, p. 266 Google Scholar.

37 Ibid., pp. 268, 274.

38 Brown, J. D. and Stratton, S. S., British Musical Biography: A Dictionary of Musical Artists, Authors and Composers, hom in Britain and its Colonies (Birmingham, 1897), p. 26 Google Scholar.

39 Hillsman, , ‘Trends and aims’, p. 133 Google Scholar.

40 Ibid., p. 225.

41 Ibid., p. 85.

42 Ibid., p. 10.

43 Ibid., p. 83.

44 [Misc.], Church Times, 9 (2 June 1871), p. 250.

45 ‘The Centigrade Ritualometer’, p. 360.

46 ‘Summary’, Church Times, 10 (21 June 1872), p. 283.

47 Cardwell, J. H., et al., Men and Women of Soho Famous and Infamous. [1st Ser.] Actors, Authors, Dramatists, Entertainers and Engravers (London, [1903]), p. 172 Google Scholar.

48 For London, see Turner, R. A., ‘The Proposed new Gregorian Psalter’, Church Times, 30 (26 Feb. 1892), p. 189 Google Scholar; for Peterborough; [Misc.], Musical Tima, 39 (1 Jan. 1898), p. 19.

49 Hillsman, , ‘Trends and aims’, pp. 107–11 Google Scholar.