Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-hfldf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-21T12:23:23.664Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Overview: Low-z Observations: Of Interacting and Merging Galaxies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 May 2016

Francois Schweizer
Francois Schweizer*
Affiliation:
Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015, USA

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Gravitational interactions and mergers affect the morphologies and dynamics of galaxies from our Local Group to the limits of the observable universe. Observations of interacting galaxies at low redshifts (z ≲ 0.2) yield detailed information about many of the processes at work. I briefly review these processes and the growing evidence that mergers play a major role in the delayed formation of elliptical and early-type disk galaxies both in the field and in clusters. Low-z observations clearly contradict the notion of a single epoch of E formation at z ≳ 2; instead, E and S0 galaxies continue forming to the present. The different rates of E and S0 formation inferred from observations of distant and nearby clusters may partially reflect the dependence of dynamical friction on mass: Major, E-forming mergers may tend to occur earlier than minor, S0-forming mergers because the dynamical friction is strongest for equal-mass galaxies.

Type
Overview
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 186: Galaxy Interactions at High and Low Redshift , 1999 , pp. 1 - 10
Copyright
Copyright © Kluwer 1999 

References

Appleton, P.N., & Struck-Marcell, C., 1996, Fundamentals Cosmic Phys. 16, 111 Google Scholar
Arnaboldi, M., et al., 1997, A. J. 113, 585 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashman, K.M., & Zepf, S.E., 1992, Ap. J. 384, 50 Google Scholar
Barger, A.J., et al., 1996, M. N. R. A. S. 279, 1 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, J.E., 1988, Ap. J. 331, 699 Google Scholar
Barnes, J.E., 1992, Ap. J. 393, 484 Google Scholar
Barnes, J.E., 1998, this volume Google Scholar
Barnes, J.E., & Hernquist, L.E., 1992, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astroph. 30, 705 Google Scholar
Bender, R., 1996, New Light on Galaxy Evolution (Kluwer, Dordrecht), p. 181 Google Scholar
Bertola, F., Buson, L.M., & Zeilinger, W.W., 1992, Ap. J. 401, L79 Google Scholar
Butcher, H., & Oemler, A., 1978, Ap. J. 219, 18 Google Scholar
Butcher, H., & Oemler, A., 1984, Ap. J. 285, 426 Google Scholar
Combes, F., Dupraz, C., Casoli, F., & Pagani, L., 1988, A. & A. 203, L9 Google Scholar
Couch, W.J., Ellis, R.S., Sharpies, R.M., & Smail, I., 1994, Ap. J. 430, 121 Google Scholar
Davies, R.L., 1996, New Light on Galaxy Evolution (Kluwer, Dordrecht), p. 37 Google Scholar
Dressier, A., 1980, Ap. J. 236, 351 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dressier, A., Oemler, A., Butcher, H.R., & Gunn, J.E., 1994, Ap. J. 430, 107 Google Scholar
Dubinski, J., Mihos, J.C., & Hernquist, L., 1996, Ap. J. 462, 576 Google Scholar
Due, P.-A., & Mirabel, I.F., 1994, A. & A. 289, 83 Google Scholar
Faber, S.M., et al., 1995, Stellar Populations (Kluwer, Dordrecht), p. 249 Google Scholar
Gardiner, L.T., & Noguchi, M., 1996, M. N. R. A. S. 278, 191 Google Scholar
Geisler, D., Lee, M.G., & Kim, E., 1996, A. J. 111, 1529 Google Scholar
González, J.J., 1993, , UC Santa Cruz Google Scholar
Hernquist, L., & Barnes, J.E., 1991, Nature 354, 210 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hernquist, L., & Spergel, D.N., 1992, Ap. J. 399, L117 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hibbard, J.E., et al., 1994, A. J. 107, 67 Google Scholar
Hibbard, J.E., & Mihos, J.C., 1995, A. J. 110, 140 Google Scholar
Hibbard, J.E., & van Gorkom, J.H., 1996, A. J. 111, 655 Google Scholar
Hubble, E. 1936, The Realm of the Nebulae (Yale Univ. Press, New Haven), Chap. 2 Google Scholar
Hunsberger, S.D., Charlton, J.C., & Zaritsky, D. 1996, Ap. J. 462, 50 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ibata, R.A., Gilmore, G., & Irwin, M.J., 1995, M. N. R. A. S. 277, 781 Google Scholar
Jore, K.P., Broeils, A.H., & Haynes, M.P., 1996, A. J. 112, 438 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kauffmann, G., 1996, M. N. R. A. S. 281, 487 Google Scholar
Kenney, J.D.P., Rubin, V.C., Planesas, P., & Young, J.S., 1995, Ap. J. 438, 135 Google Scholar
Kennicutt, R.C., Schweizer, F., & Barnes, J.E., 1998, Galaxies: Interactions and Induced Star Formation, eds. Friedli, D., Martinet, L., & Pfenniger, D. (Springer, Berlin)Google Scholar
Kuijken, K. 1993, P. A. S. P. 105, 1016 Google Scholar
Lake, G., & Dressier, A., 1986, Ap. J. 310, 605 Google Scholar
Lavery, R.J., & Henry, J.P. 1988, Ap. J. 330, 596 Google Scholar
Lavery, R.J., & Henry, J.P., 1994, Ap. J. 426, 524 Google Scholar
Lin, D.N.C., Jones, B.F., & Klemola, A.R., 1995, Ap. J. 439, 652 Google Scholar
Malin, D., & Hadley, B., 1997, The Second Stromlo Symposium: The Nature of Elliptical Galaxies (A.S.P., San Francisco), p. 460 Google Scholar
Mihos, J.C., Dubinski, J., & Hernquist, L., 1998, Ap. J. 494, in press CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, B.W., Whitmore, B.C., Schweizer, F., & Fall, S.M., 1997, A. J. 114, in press Google Scholar
Mirabel, I.F., Lutz, D., & Maza, J. 1991, A. & A. 243, 367 Google Scholar
Morganti, R., et al., 1997, A. J. 113, 937 Google Scholar
O'Connell, R.W., 1980, Ap. J. 236, 430 Google Scholar
O'Connell, R.W., 1994, The Nuclei of Normal Galaxies (Kluwer, Dordrecht), p. 255 Google Scholar
Oemler, A., 1974, Ap. J. 194, 1 Google Scholar
Oemler, A., Dressier, A., & Butcher, H.R., 1997, Ap. J. 474, 561; and private commun.Google Scholar
Pfenniger, D., 1998, this volume Google Scholar
Plana, H., & Boulesteix, J., 1996, Fresh Views of Elliptical Galaxies (A.S.P., San Francisco), p. 113 Google Scholar
Prada, F., Gutiérrez, C.M., Peletier, R.F., & McKeith, C.D., 1996, Ap. J. 463, L9 Google Scholar
Prieur, J.-L., 1990, Dynamics and Interactions of Galaxies (Springer, Berlin), p. 72 Google Scholar
Reshetnikov, V.P., & Combes, F. 1994, A. & A. 291, 57 Google Scholar
Richter, O.-G., Sackett, P.D., & Sparke, L.S., 1994, A. J. 107, 99 Google Scholar
Roos, N., & Aarseth, S.J., 1982, A. & A. 114, 41 Google Scholar
Rubin, V.C., Graham, J.A., & Kenney, J.D.P. 1992, Ap. J. 394, L9 Google Scholar
Schechter, P.L., & Dressier, A., 1987, A. J. 94, 563 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schiminovich, D., et al., 1994, Ap. J. 423, L101 Google Scholar
Schiminovich, D., et al., 1995, Ap. J. 444, L77 Google Scholar
Schweizer, F., 1982, Ap. J. 252, 455 Google Scholar
Schweizer, F., 1995, Stellar Populations (Kluwer, Dordrecht), p. 275 Google Scholar
Schweizer, F., 1996, A. J. 111, 109 Google Scholar
Schweizer, F., Miller, B.W., Whitmore, B.C., & Fall, S.M., 1996, A. J. 112, 1839 Google Scholar
Schweizer, F., & Seitzer, P., 1988, Ap. J. 328, 88 Google Scholar
Schweizer, F., & Seitzer, P., 1992, A. J. 104, 1039 Google Scholar
Searle, L., & Zinn, R. 1978, Ap. J. 225, 357 Google Scholar
Stockton, A., & Farnham, T., 1991, Ap. J. 371, 525 Google Scholar
Thakar, A.R., Ryden, B.S., Jore, K.P., & Broeils, A.H., 1997, Ap. J. 479, 702 Google Scholar
Toomre, A., 1977, Evolution of Galaxies & Stellar Populations (Yale, New Haven), p.401 Google Scholar
Toomre, A., & Toomre, J., 1972, Ap. J. 178, 623 (TT) Google Scholar
Tóth, G., & Ostriker, J.P., 1992, Ap. J. 389, 5 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Gorkom, J.H., et al., 1989, A. J. 97, 708 Google Scholar
van Gorkom, J.H., & Schiminovich, D., 1997, The Second Stromlo Symposium: The Nature of Elliptical Galaxies (A.S.P., San Francisco), p. 310 Google Scholar
Walker, I.R., Mihos, J.C., & Hernquist, L., 1996, Ap. J. 460, 121 Google Scholar
Whitmore, B.C., et al., 1995, Ap. J. 454, L73 Google Scholar
Wielen, R., (ed.) 1990, Dynamics and Interactions of Galaxies (Springer Verlag, Berlin)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zaritsky, D., & Rix, H.-W., 1997, Ap. J. 477, 118 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zwicky, F., 1956, Ergebnisse d. exakten Naturw. 29, 344 Google Scholar