Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-skm99 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-28T13:04:35.865Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Quiet Sun at cm- and mm-Wavelengths

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 August 2015

E. Fürst*
Affiliation:
Astronomy Program, University of Maryland College Park, Maryland
*
*Permanent Address: Max-Planck Institut für Radioastronomie Bonn, Germany

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Soon after the first detection of radio emission from the sun two components of the solar radio radiation were identified: The emission related to active centres on the disk and the radiation of the undisturbed, static solar atmosphere, in which the active regions are embedded. The undisturbed component is observed to vary only slightly during the solar sunspot cycle, it is called the emission of the quiet sun. A theoretical estimate of this component was first given by Martyn (1946) and subsequently developed in more detail by many other authors. The basic observations were performed with poor angular resolution. Still at present most experimental data are taken with angular resolutions of about 1 to 4 arc min, too low to discriminate between the different solar atmospheric fine structures, clearly seen in various spectral lines. The quiet component of the solar radio radiation therefore represents the average emission of an inhomogenous solar atmosphere.

Type
Session I - Quiet Sun
Copyright
Copyright © Reidel 1980 

References

Aarons, J., Barron, W.R., and Castelli, J.P.: 1958, Proc. IRE 46, p. 327 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ade, P.A.R., Rather, J.D.G., and Clegg, P.E.: 1974, Astrophys. J. 187, p. 389 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, C.W.: 1947, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 107, p. 426 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alon, I., Arsac, J., and Steinberg, J.L.: 1953, Compt. Rend. 244, p. 1726 Google Scholar
Avery, L., and House, L.L.: 1969, Solar Phys. 10, p. 88 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Athay, R.G., and Menzel, D.: 1956, Astrophys, J. 123, p. 285 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bastin, J.A., Gear, A.E., Jones, G.O., Smith, H.J., and Wright, P.J.: 1964, Proc. Roy. Soc. London A278, p. 543 Google Scholar
Beckers, J.M.: 1968, Solar Phys. 3, p. 367 Google Scholar
Beckman, J.E., Lesure, J.C.G., and Ross, J.: 1975, Nature 254, p. 38 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buhl, D., and Tlamicha, A.: 1968, Astrophys, J. 153, p. L189 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ceballos, J.C., and Lantos, P.: 1972, Solar Phys. 22, p. 142 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chambe, G.: 1978, Astron. Astrophys. 70, p. 255 Google Scholar
Chiuderi-Drago, F., Furst, E., Hirth, W., and Lantos, P.: 1975, Astron. Astrophys. 39, p. 429 Google Scholar
Christianson, W.N., and Warburton, J.A.: 1955, Australian J. Phys, 8, p. 474 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coates, P.J.: 1958a, Proc. IRE 46, p. 122 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coates, P.J.: 1958b, Astrophys. J. 128, p. 83 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coates, P.J., Gibson, J.E., and Hagen, J.P.: 1958, Astrophys. J. 128, p. 406 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Covington, A.E., Medd, W.J., Harvey, G.A., and Broten, N.W.: 1955, J. Roy. Astron. Soc. 49, p. 235 Google Scholar
Cuny, Y.: 1971, Solar Phys. 16, p. 293 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drago, F.G., Noci, G., and Piatelli, M.: 1964, Ann. Astrophys. 27, p. 708 Google Scholar
Dulk, G.A., Sheridan, K.V., Smerd, S.F., and Withbroe, G.L.: 1977, Solar Phys. 52, p. 349 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El Raey, M.: 1971, Solar Phys. 16, p. 404 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Epstein, E.E., Oliver, J.P., Poter, S.H., Schorn, R.A., and Wilson, W.J.: 1968, Astron. J. 73, p. 271 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fedoseyev, L.I.: 1963, Izo. Vysshikh Uchebn. Zaved nii Radiofiz. 6, p. 655 Google Scholar
Felli, M., and Tofani, G.: 1970, Solar Phys. 13, p. 194 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flett, A.M., Roster, P.R., Strachan, P., and Thornton, D.C.: 1971, Solar Phys. 20, p. 317 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furst, E., Hachenberg, O., and Hirth, W.: 1974, Astron. Astrophys. 36, p. 123 Google Scholar
Furst, E., and Hirth, W.: 1979, in preparation Google Scholar
Furst, E., Hirth, W., and Lantos, P.: 1979, Solar Phys., 63, 267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gorokov, N.A., Dryagin, Y.A., and Fedosyev, L.I.: 1962, Izo. Vysshikh Uchebn. Zavedenii Radiofiz. 5. p. 413 Google Scholar
Hachenberg, O., Furstenberg, F., and Prinzler, H.: 1956, Astrophys. 39, p. 232 Google Scholar
Haddock, F.T.: 1957, Radio Astronomy, IAU Symp. 4, p. 274 Google Scholar
Hagen, J.P.: 1951, Astrophys. J. 113, p. 547 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagen, J.P.: 1956, “Solar Eclipses and the Ionosphere”, ed. Beynon, W. and Brown, G. (London: Pergamon Press)Google Scholar
Hagen, J.P., Swanson, P.N., Haas, R.W., Wefer, F.L., and Vogt, R.W.: 1971, Solar Phys. 21, p. 286 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hey, J.S., and Hughes, V.A.: 1956, Observatory 7B, p. 226 Google Scholar
Higgs, A.A., and Broten, N.W.: 1966, J. Roy. Astron. Soc. 60, p. 272 Google Scholar
van de Hulst, H.C.: 1953, “The Sun” (ed. by Kuiper, ), University of Chicago Press, p. 207 Google Scholar
Joensen, P., McCutcheon, W.H., and Shuter, W.L.H.: 1974, Solar Phys. 39, p. 309 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalaghan, P.M.: 1974, Solar Phys. 39, p. 315 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawabata, K., and Sofue, Y.: 1972, Pub. Astron. Soc. Japan 24, p. 469 Google Scholar
Kawabata, K., Fuhishita, M., Kato, T., Ogawa, H., and Omodaka, T.: 1980, Solar Phys., 65, 221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kislyakov, A.G.: 1961, Izo. Vysshikh Uchebn. Zavedenii Radiofiz. 4, p. 433 Google Scholar
Kislyakov, A.G., and Plechov, V.M.: 1964, Izo, Vysshikh Uchebn. Zavedenii Radiofiz. 7, p. 46 Google Scholar
Kislyakov, A.G., Kuznetsov, I.V., Kuznetsova, N.A., Chernyshev, V.I., and Sevov, N.V.: 1975, Sov. Astr. AJ18, P. 612 Google Scholar
Kundu, M.R., and Alissandrakis, C.E.: 1975, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 173, p. 65 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kundu, M.R., and Liu, Sou-Yang: 1975, Solar Phys. 44, p. 361 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kundu, M.R., and Velusamy, T.: 1974, Solar Phys. 34, p. 125 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kundu, M.R., Liu, Sou-Yang, and McCullough, T.P.: 1976 Solar Phys. 51, p. 321 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kundu, M.R., and Liu, Sou-Yang: 1976, Solar Phys. 49, p. 267 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuseski, R.A., and Swanson, P.N.: 1976, Solar Phys. 48, p. 41 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuseski, R.A.: 1977, Bull. American Astron. Soc. 9. p. 328 Google Scholar
Kuznetsova, N.A.: 1978, Sov. Astr. AJ22, p. 345 Google Scholar
Labrum, N.R., Archer, J.W., and Smith, C.J.: 1978, Solar Phys. 59, p. 331 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lantos, P., and Kundu, M.R.: 1972 Astron. Astrophys. 21, p. 119 Google Scholar
Lantos, P., Furst, E., and Hirth, W.: 1979, Solar Phys., 63, 271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linsky, J.L.,: 1973, Solar Phys. 28, p. 409 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Low, F.J., and Davidson, A.W.: 1965, Astrophys. J. 143, p. 1278 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Low, F.J., and Gillespi, C.M.: 1968, 128th AAS meeting Google Scholar
Martyn, D.F.: 1946, Nature 158, p. 632 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minett, H.C., and Labrum, N.R.: 1950, Australian J. Phys. 3, p. 60 Google Scholar
Mitchell, F.H., and Whitehurst, R.N.: 1958, Final Tech. Rep. U of Ala. Rad. Ast. Lab. Google Scholar
Newstead, R.A.: 1969, Solar Phys. 6, p. 56 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noyes, R.W., Beckers, J.M., and Low, F.J.: 1968, Solar Phys. 3, p. 36 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piddington, J.H.: 1954, Astrophys. J. 119, p. 531 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reber, E.E.: 1970, Icarus 12, p. 348 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reber, E.E.: 1971, Solar Phys. 16, p. 75 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riddle, A.C.: 1969, Solar Phys. 7, p. 434 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rusch, W.Y., Slobrin, S.G., and Steltzreid, C.T.: 1966, Final Rep. USCEE 183, U of S. Cal. Google Scholar
Salomonovich, A. E., Koshechenko, F.N., and Noskova, R.I.: 1959, Soln. Dannye 9, p. 83 Google Scholar
Salomonovich, A.E.: 1962 Sov. Astr. AJ6, p. 202 Google Scholar
Shimabukuro, F.I.: 1970, Solar Phys. 12, p. 438 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shimabukuro, F.I.: 1971, Solar Phys. 18, p. 247 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shimabukuro, F.I., Wilson, W.J., Mori, T.T., and Smith, P.L.: 1975, Solar Phys. 40, p. 359 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, M.: 1965, Astrophys. J. 141, p. 1513 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, M., and Zirin, H.: 1969, Solar Phys. 9, p. 317 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, M., Buhl, D., Cogdell, J.R., Shimabukuro, F.I., and Zapata, G.: 1970, Nature 226, p. 1154 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, M.: 1971, Solar Phys. 21, p. 297 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, P.L.: 1975, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 23, p. 237 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Staelin, D.H., Gant, N., Law, S., and Sullivan, W.I.: 1967, Rept. QPR 84, MIT Res. Lab. for eletr.Google Scholar
Strezhneva, K.M., Plechov, V.M., and Staradobtsev, A.M.: 1958, So In. Dannye 7, p. 71 Google Scholar
Suzuki, I., Kawabata, K., and Ogava, H.: 1975, Solar Phys. 46, p. 205 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swanson, P.N., Wefer, F.L., Decker, W.J., and Hagen, J.P.: 1973, Solar Phys. 28, p. 419 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swanson, P.N.: 1973, Solar Phys. 32, p. 77 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swanson, P.N., and Hagen, J.P.: 1975, Solar Phys. 43, p. 57 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swanson, P.N., and Kuseski, R.A.: 1975, Nature 253, 513 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swarup, G.: 1961, , Stanford University Google Scholar
Takahashi, K.: 1967, Astrophys. J. 148, p. 497 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tlamicha, A.: 1969, Solar Phys. 10, p. 150 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tolbert, C.W., and Straiton, A.W.: 1961, Astrophys J. 134, p. 91 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tolbert, C.W., Straiton, A.W., and Walker, T.A.: 1962, Rept, 6-45, Univ. Texas Electr. Res. Lab. Google Scholar
Tolbert, C.W., Krauss, L.C., and Straiton, A.W.: 1964, Astrophys. J. 140, p. 306 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsuchiya, A., and Nagane, K.: 1965, Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan 17, p. 86 Google Scholar
Ulrich, B.L., Cogdell, J.R., and Davis, J.H.: 1972, Icarus 19, p. 59 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Unsold, A.: 1947, Naturwissenschaften 34, p. 194 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Veisig, G.S., and Molchanov, A.P.: 1963, Soln. Dannye 11, p. 58 Google Scholar
Whitehurst, R.N., Copeland, J., and Mitchell, F.H.: 1957, Appl. Phys. 28, p. 295 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woltjer, L.: 1954, Bull. Astron. Inst. Neth. 12, p. 165 Google Scholar
Wort, D.J.H.: 1962 Nature 195, p. 1288 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wrixon, G.T., and Hogg, D.C.: 1971, Astron. Astrophys 10, p. 193 Google Scholar
Wrixon, G.T., and Schneider, M.V.: 1974, Nature 250, p. 314 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wulfsberg, K.N., and Short, J.A.: 1965, Rept. AFCRL 65–75, Air Force Cambridge Res. Lab. Google Scholar
Zirin, H., Hurford, G.J., and Marsh, K.A.: 1978 Astrophys. J. 224, p. 1043 CrossRefGoogle Scholar