Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-xm8r8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-16T06:30:09.785Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The X-Ray Background

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 May 2016

G. Hasinger
G. Hasinger*
Affiliation:
Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany & Universität Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The recent progress in the measurement and understanding of the X-ray background is reviewd here. Particular emphasis is put on a discussion of the partially discrepant measurement of the X-ray background spectrum in the 0.5-3 keV range. New and important constraints on large scale structure are obtained from measurements of the smoothness of the XRB. Recently the first discovery of a signal in the angular correlation function of the XRB could be announced. Finally, various X-ray surveys and their identification content is summarized. The role of optically inactive galaxies as a major contributor to the faint X-ray source population which might produce a substantial fraction of the XRB is clarified.

Type
Part I: Invited Reviews
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 168: Examining the Big Bang and the Diffuse Background Radiations , 1996 , pp. 245 - 262
Copyright
Copyright © Kluwer 1996 

References

Antonucci, R.R. Ann. Rev. Astr. Astrophys. Astrophys., 31, 473 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, C.R. & Warwick, R.S. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 267, 270 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barcons, X. & Fabian, A.C., Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 243, 366 (1990).Google Scholar
Boldt, E. Phys. Rep., 146, 215 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boller, T., Meurs, E.J.A., Brinkmann, W., Fink, H., Zimmermann, U. & Adorf, H.M. Astr. Astroph., 261, 57 (1992).Google Scholar
Boller, T., Trümper, J., Molendi, S., Fink, H., Schaeidt, S., Caulet, A. & Dennefeld, M. Astr. Astroph., 279, 53 (1993).Google Scholar
Branduardi-Raymont, G., Mason, K.O., Warwick, R.S. et al. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 270, 947 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bower, R. et al. (in preparation) (1994).Google Scholar
Boyle, B.J., Griffiths, R.E., Shanks, T., Stewart, G.C. & Georgantopoulos, I., Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 260, 49 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carrera, F.J., Barcons, X., Butcher, J., Fabian, A.C., Stewart, G.C., Warwick, R.S., Hayashida, K. & Kii, T. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 249, 698 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carrera, F. J., Barcons, X., Butcher, J.A., Fabian, A.C., Stewart, G.C., Toffolatti, L., Warwick, R.S., Hayashida, K., Inoue, H. & Kondo, H. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 260, 376 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castander, F.J., Bower, R.G., Ellis, R.S., Aragon-Salamanca, A., Mason, K.O., Hasinger, G., McMahon, R.G., Carerra, F.J., Mittaz, J.P.D., Perez-Fournon, I. & Barcons, X. Nature, (subm.) (1994).Google Scholar
Comastri, A., Setti, G., Zamorani, G. & Hasinger, G. Astr. Astroph., (in press) (1995).Google Scholar
Edge, A.C., Stewart, G.C., Fabian, A.C. & Arnaud, K.A. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 245, 559 (1990).Google Scholar
Elizalde, F. & Steiner, J.E. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 268, L47 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fabian, A.C. & Barcons, X. Ann. Rev. Astr. Astrophys. Astrophys., 30, 429 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giacconi, R., Gursky, H., Paolini, F.R. & Rossi, B.B., Phys.Rev.Letters, 9, 439 (1962).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gehrels, N. & Chen, W. Nature, 361, 706 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gendreau, K. et al. (preprint) (1994).Google Scholar
Georgantopoulos, I., Stewart, G.C., Shanks, T., Boyle, B.J. & Griffiths, R.E. Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., (submitted) (1994).Google Scholar
Gioia, I.M., Maccacaro, T., Schild, R.E., Stocke, J.T., Liebert, J.W., Danziger, I.J., Kunth, D. & Lub, J. Astrophys. J., 283, 495 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gioia, I.M., Maccacaro, T., Schild, R.E., et al., Astrophys. J. Suppl., 72, 567 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gruber, D.E., in The X–ray Background Barcons, X. & Fabian, A.C. eds, (Cambridge University Press), p.45 (1992).Google Scholar
Hasinger, G., Schmidt, M. & Trümper, Astr. Astroph., 246, L2 (1991).Google Scholar
Hasinger, G., in The X–ray Background Barcons, X. & Fabian, A.C. eds, (Cambridge University Press), p.229 (1992).Google Scholar
Hasinger, G., Burg, R., Giacconi, R., Hartner, G., Schmidt, M., Trümper, J. & Zamorani, G., Astr. Astroph., 275, 1 (1993).Google Scholar
Hasinger, G. in: Observational Cosmology, Chincarini, G., Iovino, A., Maccacaro, T., Maccagni, D., eds., A.S.P. Conf. Ser. Vol. 51, p.439 (1993).Google Scholar
Hasinger, G., Burg, R., Giacconi, R., Hartner, G., Schmidt, M., Trümper, J. & Zamorani, G., Astr. Astroph., 291, 348 (1994).Google Scholar
Henry, J.P., Gioia, I.M., Maccacaro, T., Morris, S.L., Stocke, J.T. & Wolter, A. Astrophys. J., 386, 408 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henry, J.P., Gioia, I.M., Boehringer, H., Bower, R.G., Briel, U.G., Hasinger, G., Aragon-Salamanca, A., Castander, F.J., Ellis, R.S., Huchra, J.P., Burg, R. & McLean, B. Astron. J., 107, 1270 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inoue, H. et al. Astrophys. J., 238, 886 (1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jahoda, K. Adv. Space. Res. Vol. 13, No. 12, p.(12)231 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marshall, F.E. et al., Astrophys. J., 235, 4 (1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mather, J. et al. Astrophys. J. (Letters), 354, L37 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matt, G. (preprint), (1994).Google Scholar
McCammon, D. & Sanders, W.T., Ann. Rev. Astr. Astrophys. Astrophys., 28, 657 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moran, E.C., Halpern, J.P. & Helfand, D.J. Astrophys. J., 433, L65 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mulchaey, J.S., Mushotzky, R.F. & Weaver, K.A. Astrophys. J., 390, L69 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mushotzky, R. in: Frontiers of X-ray Astronomy, Tanaka, Y., Koyama, K., eds., Universal Academy Press:Tokyo, p.657 (1992).Google Scholar
Piccinnotti, G., Mushotzky, R.F., Boldt, E.A., et al. Astrophys. J., 253, 485 (1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plucinsky, P.P., Snowden, S.L., Briel, U.G., Hasinger, G & Pfeffermann, E. Astrophys. J., 418, 519 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ponman, T.J. & Bertram, D. Nature, 363, 51 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rocchia, R. et al., Astr. Astroph., 130, 53 (1984).Google Scholar
deRuiter, H. (in preparation) (1994).Google Scholar
Setti, G. & Woltjer, L., Astr. Astroph., 224, L21 (1989).Google Scholar
Shafer, R.A. & Fabian, A.C. in: Early Evolution of the Universe and its Present Structure, Abell, G.O., Chincarini, G., eds., Reidel:Dordrecht, p.333 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shanks, T., Georgantopoulos, I., Stewart, G.C., Pounds, K.A., Boyle, B.J. & Griffiths, R.E. Nature, 353, 315 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smoot, G.F. et al. Astrophys. J., 396, L1 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snowden, S.L., Hasinger, G., Jahoda, K., Lockman, F.J. McCammon, D. & Sanders, W.T. Astrophys. J., 430, 601 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snowden, S.L. et al. (in preparation) 1995.Google Scholar
Soltan, A. & Hasinger, G. Astr. Astroph., 288, 77 (1994).Google Scholar
Soltan, A., Hasinger, G., Egger, R., Snowden, S. & Trümper, J. Astr. Astroph., (submitted) (1994).Google Scholar
Wang, Q.D. & McCray, R. Astrophys. J., 409, L37 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, X., Hamilton, T.T., Helfand, D.J. & Wang, Q. Astrophys. J., 379, 564 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zamorani, G. et al., (in preparation) (1994).Google Scholar