Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-r6qrq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-29T15:26:17.145Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Pharmacotherapeutic Trials in Tardive Dyskinesia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

Angus V. P. Mackay  and
Graham P. Sheppard
Angus V. P. Mackay
Affiliation:
MRC Neurochemical Pharmacology Unit, Cambridge University Medical School, New Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QD
Graham P. Sheppard
Affiliation:
MRC Neurochemical Pharmacology Unit, Cambridge University Medical School, New Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QD
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Some of the clinical factors contributing to the currently unsatisfactory state of therapy for tardive dyskinesia are reviewed. Problems such as lack of clear syndrome delineation and phenomenological description, the lack of standardization in rating scales and the lack of attention to trial design have all probably contributed to a rather confusing picture. Controlled trials suggest that several pharmacological agents may be of therapeutic value but that clinical prediction of an individual's response is impossible. The strategy of acute drug challenge has emerged as perhaps the most promising approach to the definition of pharmacological subtypes and therefore the choice of optimal treatment.

Type
Research Article
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 135 , Issue 6 , December 1979 , pp. 489 - 499
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1979 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aims (1976) In ECDEU Assessment Manual (ed. Guy, W.). Pp 534–537. U.S. Department of Health Education and Welfare, NIMH, Rockville, Maryland.Google Scholar
Alpert, M., Diamond, F. & Friedhoff, A. (1976) Tremographic studies in tardive dyskinesia. Psychopharmacology, 12, 5–7.Google ScholarPubMed
Barnes, T., Kidger, T. & Taylor, P. (1978) On the use of dopamine agonists in tardive dyskinesia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 135 (1), 132–3.Google Scholar
Barnes, T., Kidger, T. (1979) The concept of tardive dyskinesia. Trends in Neurosciences, 2, 135–6.Google Scholar
Bedard, P., Parkes, J. & Marsden, C. (1978) Effect of new dopamine-blocking agent (Oxiperomide) on drug induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease and spontaneous dyskinesias. British Medical Journal, i, 954–6.Google Scholar
Birket-Smith, E. (1974) Abnormal involuntary movements induced by anticholinergic therapy. Acta Neurologica Scandinavia, 50, 801–11.Google ScholarPubMed
Bourgeois, M. & Herbert, A. (1970) Les dyskinesies tardives des neuroleptiques. Bordeaux Medical, 3, 345–52.Google Scholar
Brandrup, E. (1961) Tetrabenazine treatment in persisting dyskinesia caused by psycho-pharmacea. American Journal of Psychiatry, 118, 551–2.Google Scholar
Caine, E. D., Polinsky, R. J., Kartiziner, R. & Ebert, M. H. (1979) The trial use of clozapine for abnormal involuntary movement disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 136(3), 317–20.Google ScholarPubMed
Carroll, B., Curits, G. & Kokmen, E. (1977) Paradoxical response to dopamine agonists in tardive dyskinesia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 134(7), 785–9.Google Scholar
Carruthers, S. (1971) Persistent tardive dyskinesia. British Medical Journal, iii, 572.Google Scholar
Casey, D. & Denney, D. (1977) Pharmacological characterization of tardive dyskinesia. Psychopharmacology, 54, 1–8.Google Scholar
Chase, T. N. (1979) Dopamine and GABA syndrome dysfunction and the pathogenises of tardive dyskinesia. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Long Term Effects of Neuroleptics. Advances in Psychopharmacology. New York: Raven Press. To be published.Google Scholar
Claveria, L., Teychenne, P., Calne, D., Haskayne, L., Petrie, A., Pallis, C. & Lodge-Patch, I. (1975) Tardive dyskinesia treated with pimozide. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 24, 393–401.Google Scholar
Costall, B. & Naylor, R. J. (1978) Experimental studies of dopamine function in movement disorders. In Neurotransmitter Systems and their Clinical Disorders. (ed. Legg, N. J.). Pp 129–42. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Crane, G. (1971) Neuroleptics and proneness to motor disorders. Read at 124th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C. May 3–7.Google Scholar
Crane, G. & Naranjo, E. (1971) Motor disorders induced by neuroleptics. Archives of General Psychiatry, 24, 179–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crane, G. (1973) Mediocre effects of reserpine on tardive dyskinesia. New England Journal of Medicine, 288 (2), 104–5.Google Scholar
Crane, G. (1978) Tardive dyskinesia and related neurologic disorders. In Handbook of Psychopharmacology, Vol. 10, Neuroleptics and Schizophrenia (eds. Iversen, L. L., Iversen, S. D. and Snyder, S. H.). Pp 165–196. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Curran, J. (1973) Management of tardive dyskinesia with thiopropazate. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 130, (8), 925–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davis, K., Berger, P. & Hollister, L. (1975) Choline for tardive dyskinesia. The New England Journal of Medicine, 293, 152.Google Scholar
Davis, K., Berger, P. (1978) Pharmacological investigations of the cholinergic imbalance hypotheses of movement disorders and psychosis. Biological Psychiatry, 13 (1), 23–49.Google Scholar
Decker, B., Davis, J. & Janowsky, D. (1971) Amantadine hydrochloride treatment of tardive dyskinesia. New England Journal of Medicine, 285, 1150–1.Google ScholarPubMed
Degwitz, R. (1969) Extrapyramidal motor disorders following long-term treatment with neuroleptic drugs. Psychotropic Drugs and Dysfunctions of the Basal Ganglion (P.H.S. Publication No. 1838). Edited by Crane, G. E. and Gardener, R. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. p. 29.Google Scholar
Duvosin, R. (1972) Reserpine for tardive dyskinesia (contd.). New England Journal of Medicine, 286, 611.Google Scholar
Eckmann, F. (1968) Zur problematik von dauerschaden nach neuroleptischler langzeitbehandelling. Therapie der Gegenwart, 107, 316–23.Google Scholar
Fann, W., Davis, J. & Wilson, I. (1973) Methylphenidate in tardive dyskinesia. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 130 (8), 922–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fann, W. & Lake, C. K. (1974) Cholinergic suppression of tardive dyskinesia (Gerber, C., McKenzie, G.). Psychopharmacologia (Berlin), 37, 101–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fann, W., Stafford, J. R., Malone, R. L., Frost, J. D. & Richman, B. W. (1977) Clinical research techniques in tardive dyskinesia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 759–62.Google Scholar
Fog, R. & Pakkenberg, H. (1970) Combined Nitomanpimozide treatment of Huntingdon's Chorea and other hyperkinetic syndromes. Acta Neurologia Scandinavia, 46, 249–51.Google Scholar
Freeman, H. (1979) Pimozide as a neuroleptic. British Journal of Psychiatry, 135, 82–3.Google Scholar
Friedhoff, A. (1977) Receptor sensitivity modification (RSM)—a new paradigm for the potential treatment of some hormonal and transmitter disturbances. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 18 (4), 309–17.Google Scholar
Gardos, G., Cole, J. & Labrie, R. (1977) The assessment of tardive dyskinesia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 34, 1206–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gerlach, J., Reisby, N. & Randrup, A. (1974) Dopaminergic hyposensitivity and cholinergic hypofunction in the patho-physiology of tardive dyskinesia. Psychopharmacologia (Berlin), 34, 21–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerlach, J., Thorsen, K. & Munkvad, I. (1975) Effect of lithium on neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia compared with placebo in a double-blind cross-over trial. Pharmacopsychiatrica, 8, 51–6.Google Scholar
Gerlach, J. (1977) The relationship between Parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 134 (7), 781–4.Google ScholarPubMed
Gibson, A. C. (1977) Tardive dyskinesia and Pimozide. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 20, (Suppl. 10), 34–7.Google Scholar
Godwin-Austin, R. & Clark, T. (1971) Persistent phenothiazine dyskinesia treated with tetrabenazine. British Medical Journal, iv, 25–6.Google Scholar
Gomez, E. (1977) Clinical observations in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia with dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids (hydergine), preliminary findings. Psychiatric Journal of University Ottawa, 2, 67–71.Google Scholar
Granacher, R., Baldessarini, R. & Cole, J. (1975) Deanol for tardive dyskinesia (cont.). New England Journal of Medicine, 292, 926–7.Google Scholar
Growdon, J., Hirsch, M., Wurtman, R. & Wiener, W. (1977) Oral choline administration to patients with tardive dyskinesia. The New England Journal of Medicine, 297, 524–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Growdon, J. (1978) Lecithin can suppress tardive dyskinesia. The New England Journal of Medicine, 298, (18), 1029.Google Scholar
Growdon, J. (1979) Choline and lecithin administration to patients with tardive dyskinesia. The Canadian Journal of Neurological Science, 6 (1), 80.Google Scholar
Haefely, W. E. (1978) Central actions of benzodiazepines: general introduction. British Journal of Psychiatry, 133, 231–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hippius, H. & Logemann, G. (1970) Zur wirkung von dioxyphenylalanin (L-dopa) auf extrapyramidal motorische hyperkinesen nach langfristiger nemoleptische therapie. Arzneimittel Forschung, 20, 894–6.Google Scholar
Hofmann, M., Tonon, G., Spano, P. & Trabucchi, M. (1979) Mechanisms of dihydroegotoxines effect on prolactin release. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 31, 42–4.Google Scholar
Jellinger, K. (1977) Neuropathologic findings after neuroleptic long-term therapy. Neurotoxicology (eds. Roizin, L., Shiraka, M. and Grcevic, N.), 25–42. New York: Raven Press.Google Scholar
Jus, K., Villeneuve, A. & Jus, A. (1972) Tardive dyskinesia and the rabbit syndrome during wakefulness and sleep. American Journal of Psychiatry, 129, 765.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kazamatsuri, H., Chien, C. & Cole, J. (1972a) Treatment of tardive dyskinesia: clinical efficacy of a dopamine-depleting agent, tetrabenazine. Archives of General Psychiatry, 27, 95–9.Google Scholar
Kazamatsuri, H., Chien, C. & Cole, J. (1972b) Treatment of tardive dyskinesia; short term efficacy of dopamine blocking agents haloperidol and thiopropazate. Archives of General Psychiatry, 27 (1), 100–6.Google Scholar
Kazamatsuri, H., Chien, C. & Cole, J. (1972c) Treatment of tardive dyskinesia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 27, 824–7.Google Scholar
Kazamatsuri, H., Chien, C. & Cole, J. (1973) Long-term treatment of tardive dyskinesia with haloperidol and tetrabenazine. American Journal of Psychiatry, 130 (4), 479–83.Google Scholar
Kebabian, J. W. & Calne, D. B. (1978) Multiple receptors for dopamine. Nature, 277, 93–6.Google Scholar
Kennedy, P., Hershon, H. & McGuire, R. (1971) Extrapyramidal disorders after prolonged phenothiazine therapy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 118, 509–18.Google Scholar
Klawans, H. & McKendall, R. (1971) Observations on the effect of L-dopa on tardive lingual-facial-buccal dyskinesia. Journal of Neurological Sciences, 14, 189–92.Google Scholar
Klawans, H. (1973) The pharmacology of tardive dyskinesias. American Journal of Psychiatry, 130, 82–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klawans, H. & Rubovitz, R. (1974) Effect of cholinergic and anticholinergic agents on tardive dyskinesia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 27, 941–7.Google Scholar
Kobayashi, R. M. (1977) Drug therapy of tardive dyskinesia. New England Journal of Medicine, 296 (5), 257–60.Google ScholarPubMed
Korsgaard, S. (1976) Baclofen (Lioresal) in the treatment of neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 54, 17–24.Google Scholar
Lal, S. (1974) Comparison of thiopropazate and trifluoperazine on oral dyskinesia: a double-blind study. Current Therapeutic Research, 16, 990–7.Google Scholar
Lees, A., Lander, C. & Stern, G. (1979) Tiapride in Levodopa-induced involuntary movements. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 4, 380–3.Google Scholar
Linnoila, M., Viukari, M. & Hietala, O. (1976) Effects of Sodium Valproate on tardive dyskinesia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 129, 114–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mackay, A. V. P., Sheppard, G., Saha, B. K., Motley, B. & Marsden, C. D. (1979) Failure of lithium treatment in established tardive dyskinesia (submitted for publication).Google Scholar
McCullum, W. A. G. (1970) Tetrabenazine for extrapyramidal motor disorders. British Medical Journal, i, 760.Google Scholar
O'Flanagan, P. M. (1975) Clonazepam in the treatment of drug-induced dyskinesia. British Medical Journal, i, 269–70.Google Scholar
Pakkenberg, H. & Fog, R. (1974) Spontaneous oral dyskinesia: results of tetrabenazine, pimozide, or both. Archives of Neurology, 31, 352–3.Google Scholar
Peters, H. A., Daly, R. F. & Sato, S. (1972) Reserpine for tardive dyskinesia. New England Journal of Medicine. 286, 106.Google Scholar
Price, P., Parices, J. & Marsden, C. (1978) Sodium valproate in the treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 41, 702–6.Google Scholar
Schmidt, W. R. & Jarcho, L. W. (1966) Persistent dyskinesia following phenothiazine therapy. Archives of Neurology, 14, 369–77.Google Scholar
Schonecker, M. (1957) Ein eigentumliches syndrom im oralen bereich bei megaphen applikation. Nervenarzt, 28, 35.Google Scholar
Simpson, G. M., Zoubok, B. & Lee, H. J. (1976a) An early clinical and toxicity trial of Ex. 11-582A in chronic schizophrenia. Current Therapeutic Research, 19, 87–93.Google Scholar
Simpson, G. M., Branchay, M., Lee, J., Voitashevsky, A. & Zoubok, B. (1976b) Lithium in tardive dyskinesia. Pharmakopsychiatrica, 9, 76–80.Google Scholar
Simpson, G. M., Voitashevsky, A., Young, M. & Lee, J. (1977) Deanol in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. Psychopharmacology, 52, 257–61.Google Scholar
Simpson, G. M., Lee, J. H., Zoubok, B. & Gardos, G. (1979) A rating scale for tardive dyskinesia. Psychopharmacology, 64, 171–9.Google Scholar
Singer, K. & Cheng, M. (1971) Thiopropazate hydrochloride in persistent dyskinesia. British Medical Journal, iv, 22–5.Google Scholar
Singh, M. M. (1976) Diazepam in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia: preliminary observations. International Pharmacopsychiatry, 11 (4), 232–4.Google Scholar
Smith, R., Tamminga, C., Haraszji, J., Pandey, G. & Davis, J. (1977) Effects of dopamine agonists in tardive dyskinesia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 134 (7), 765–8.Google Scholar
Sovner, R. & Dimascio, A. (1977) The effects of benztrophine mesylate in the rabbit syndrome and tardive dyskinesia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 11, 1301–2.Google Scholar
Spano, P. F. & Trabucchi, M. (1978) Interaction of ergot alkaloids with dopaminergic receptors in the rat striatum and nucleus accumbens. Gerontology, 24, Suppl. 1, 106–14.Google Scholar
Symington, G., Leonard, D., Shannon, P. & Vajda, F. (1978) Sodium valproate in Huntington's disease. American Journal of Psychiatry, 135 (3), 352–4.Google Scholar
Tamminga, C., Smith, R., Gricksen, S., Chang, S. & Davis, J. (1977) Cholinergic influences in tardive dyskinesia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 134 (7), 769–74.Google Scholar
Tarsy, D., Leopold, N. & Sax, D. (1974) Physostigmine in choreiform movement disorder. Neurology, 24, 28–33.Google Scholar
Tarsy, D., Parkes, J. & Marsden, C. (1975) Metoclopramide and pimozide in Parkinson's disease and levodopa induced dyskinesia. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 38, 331–5.Google Scholar
Tolosa, E. (1974) Paradoxical suppression of chorea by apomorphine. Journal of the American Medical Association, 229 (12), 1579–80.Google Scholar
Turek, I., Kurland, A., Hanlon, T. & Bohm, M. (1972) Tardive dyskinesia: its relation to neuroleptic and antiparkinson drugs. British Journal of Psychiatry, 121, 605–12.Google Scholar
Uhrbrand, L. & Faurbye, A. (1960) Reversible and irreversible dyskinesia after treatment with Perphenazine, Chlorpromazine, Reserpine and electroconvulsive therapy. Psychopharmacologia, 1, 408–18.Google Scholar
Vasavan-Nair, N. P., Yassa, R., Ruis-Navarro, J. & Schwartz, G. (1978) Baclofen in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 135 (12), 1562–3.Google Scholar
Villeneuve, A., Boszomenyi, Z. & Dechambault, M. (1970a) Tentative De Traitment de dyskinesia post neuroleptiques de type permanent. Laval Medicine, 41, 923–33.Google Scholar
Villeneuve, A. & Boszomenyi, Z. (1970b) Treatment of drug-induced dyskinesia. Lancet, i, 353–4.Google Scholar
Weiner, W. J., Carvey, P., Nausieda, A. & Klawans, H. L. (1978) Diurnal alterations in striatal dopaminergic sensitivity. Neurology, 28, 344.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.