Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-wg55d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-05T11:03:00.928Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Analysis and optimization of a solenoid coupler for wireless electric vehicle charging

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 November 2016

Katharina Knaisch ,
Tom Huck  and
Peter Gratzfeld
Katharina Knaisch*
Affiliation:
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Vehicle System Technology, Rintheimer Querallee 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Tom Huck
Affiliation:
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Vehicle System Technology, Rintheimer Querallee 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Peter Gratzfeld
Affiliation:
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Vehicle System Technology, Rintheimer Querallee 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
*
Corresponding author: K. Knaisch Email: katharina.knaisch@kit.edu
Get access

Abstract

In light of the increased interest in e-mobility, comfortable, and safe charging systems, such as inductive charging systems, are gaining importance. Several standardization bodies develop guidelines and specifications for inductive power transfer systems in order to ensure a good interoperability between different coil architectures from the various car manufacturers, wireless power transfer suppliers, and infrastructure companies. A combination of a bipolar magnetic coil design on the primary side with a secondary solenoidal coil promises a good magnetic coupling and a high-transmitted power with small dimensions at the same time. In order to get a profound knowledge of the influence and behavior of the main variables on the coil system, a detailed parameter study is conducted in this paper. Based on these findings, a solenoid was designed for a specific case of application. Further, this design is optimized. The dimensions of the system could be reduced by 50% with a constant coupling factor at the same time. Besides the reduction of the dimensions and subsequently the costs of the systems, the stray field could be reduced significantly.

Keywords

Inductive power transferElectric vehiclesCoil designSolenoidOptimization
Type
Research Article
Information
Wireless Power Transfer , Volume 4 , Issue 1 , March 2017 , pp. 13 - 20
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

[1] Boys, J.T.; Covic, G.A.: IPT fact sheet series: no. 1 – basic concepts. (2016). Available: https://www.qualcomm.com/media/documents/files/ipt-fact-sheet-1-uoa-2012.pdf Google Scholar
[2] Nagendra, G.R.; Covic, G.A.; Boys, J.T.: Determining the physical size of inductive couplers for IPT EV systems. IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Power Electron., 2 (3) (2014), 571–583.Google Scholar
[3] Lukic, S.; Pantic, Z.: Cutting the cord: static and dynamic inductive wireless charging of electric vehicles. IEEE Electr. Mag., 1 (1) (2013), 57–64.Google Scholar
[4] Vilathgamuwa, D.M.; Sampath, J.P.K.: Wireless power transfer (WPT) for electric vehicles (EVs) — present and future trends. Plug In Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids, Springer Science+Business Media Singapore, 33–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[5] Li, S.; Mi, C.: Wireless power transfer for electric vehicle applications. IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Power Electron., 3 (1) (2015), 4–17.Google Scholar
[6] Zaheer, A.; Hao, H.; Covic, G.A.; Kacprzak, D.: Investigation of multiple decoupled coil primary pad topologies in lumped IPT systems for interoperable electric vehicle charging. IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 30 (4) (2015), 1937–1955.Google Scholar
[7] Lin, F.Y.; Zaheer, A.; Budhia, M.; Covic, G.A.: Reducing leakage flux in IPT systems by modifying pad ferrite structures, in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2014, 1770–1777.Google Scholar
[8] IEC. Electric vehicle wireless power transfer (WPT) systems – Part 3: specific requirements for the magnetic field wireless power transfer systems: IEC 69/321/CD – IEC 61980-3/Ed.1. DKE Deutsche Kommission Elektrotechnik Elektronik Informationstechnik in DIN und VDE, 2014.Google Scholar
[9] Ombach, G.; Kürschner, D.; Mathar, S.; Chlebosz, W.: Optimum magnetic solution for interoperable system for stationary wireless EV charging, in Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies Conference in Monaco (EVER), 2015, 1–8.Google Scholar
[10] Tang, Y.; Zhu, F.; Wang, Y.; Ma, H.: Design and optimizations of solenoid magnetic structure for inductive power transfer in EV applications. Industrial Electronics Society, 2015, 1459–1464, http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=7392306.Google Scholar
[11] Budhia, M.; Covic, G.A.; Boys, J.T.: A new IPT magnetic coupler for electric vehicle charging systems. IEEE Industrial Electronics (IECON), 2010, 2487–2492.Google Scholar
[12] Huang, C.-Y.: Design of IPT EV battery charging systems for variable coupling applications. PhD Thesis, University of Auckland, 2011.Google Scholar
[13]ICNIRP – International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection: Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric and magnetic fields (1 Hz – 100 kHz), 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[14]ICNIRP – International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection: Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz), 1998.Google Scholar
[15] Fisher, T.M.; Farley, K.B.; Gao, Y.; Bai, H.; Tse, Z.T.H.: Electric vehicle wireless charging technology: a state-of-the-art review of magnetic coupling systems. Wireless Power Transf., 1 (2) (2014), 87–96.Google Scholar
[16] Trevisan, R.; Costanzo, A.: State-of-the-art of contactless energy transfer (CET) systems: design rules and applications. Wireless Power Transf., 1 (01) (2014), 10–20.Google Scholar
[17] Boys, J.T.; Covic, G.A.: The inductive power transfer story at the University of Auckland. IEEE Circuits Syst. Mag., 15 (2) (2015), 6–27.Google Scholar
[18]Smart fortwo – technical data. Available: https://www.smart.com/en/en/index/smart-fortwo-453/technical-data.html (2016).Google Scholar
[19] Baier, K.; Ehrentraut, P.: BIPoLPLUS -Kabelloses Laden mit 22kW. ATZ extra., 11 (2014), 30–36.Google Scholar
[20] Mayer, B.: Thermische Absicherung und Wirkungsgradtests beim induktiven Laden, in 5th Conference on Future Automotive Technology in Fürstenfeld, May, 2016.Google Scholar