Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-r6qrq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-26T10:51:38.772Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Possibilities for preserving genetic resources in birds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 August 2016

B. BENESOVA  and
P. TREFIL
B. BENESOVA
Affiliation:
BIOPHARM, Research Institute of Biopharmacy and Veterinary Drugs, a.s. Pohori-Chotoun 90, 254 49 Jilove u Prahy, Czech Republic
P. TREFIL*
Affiliation:
BIOPHARM, Research Institute of Biopharmacy and Veterinary Drugs, a.s. Pohori-Chotoun 90, 254 49 Jilove u Prahy, Czech Republic
*
Corresponding author: trefil@bri.cz
Get access

Abstract

This review discusses various techniques of storage of avian genetic resources. Semen cryopreservation still seems to represent one of the most effective and feasible methods for preservation of genetic resources. Various cryoprotective agents, cooling rates and semen packaging methods are discussed. The use of ovarian tissue, embryonic cells, such as primordial germ cells (PGCs) or blastodermal cells, is the most promising approach because both male and female genetic information can be preserved. A relatively innovative technique; transplantation of cryopreserved testicular cells into adult animals with subsequent production of donor-derived progeny is also mentioned. This transplantation method may contribute to the preservation of endangered avian species and to maintaining their genetic variability.

Keywords

genetic resourcessemenspermatogonial cellstestesembryonic cellsovarian tissue
Type
Reviews
Information
World's Poultry Science Journal , Volume 72 , Issue 3 , September 2016 , pp. 628 - 641
Copyright
Copyright © World's Poultry Science Association 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

AIGE-GIL, V. and SIMKISS, K. (1991a) Sterilising embryos for transgenic chimaeras. British Poultry Science 32: 427-438.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
AIGE-GIL, V. and SIMKISS, K. (1991b) Sterilisation of avian embryos with busulphan. Research in Veterinary Science 50: 139-144.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ALLIOLI, M., THOMAS, J.L., CHEBLOUNE, Y., NIGON, V.M., VERDIER, G. and LEGRAS, C. (1994) Use of retroviral vectors to introduce and express the β-galactosidase marker gene in cultured chicken primordial germ cells. Developmental Biology 165: 30-37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
AL-THANI, R. and SIMKISS, K. (1991) Effects of an acute in vivo application of Concanavalin A on the migration of avian primordil germ cells. Protoplasma 161: 52-57.Google Scholar
AVARBOCK, M.R., BRINSTER, C.J. and BRINSTER, R.L. (1996) Reconstitution of spermatogenesis from frozen spermatogonial stem cells. Nature Medicine 2: 693-696.Google Scholar
BENESOVA, B., MUCKSOVA, J., KALINA, J. and TREFIL, P. (2014) Restoration of spermatogenesis in infertile male chickens after transplantation of cryopreserved testicular cells. British Poultry Science 55: 837-845.Google Scholar
BLANCO, J.M., GEE, G., WILDT, D.E. and DONOGHUE, A.M. (2000) Species variation in osmotic, cryoprotectant, and cooling rate tolerance in poultry, eagle and peregrine falcon spermatozoa. Biology of Reproduction 63: 1164-1171.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BLANCO, J.M., LONG, J.A., GEE, G., DONOGHUE, A.M. and WILDT, D.E. (2008) Osmotic tolerance of avian spermatozoa: influence of time, temperature, cryoprotectant and membrane ion pump function on sperm viability. Cryobiology 56: 8-14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BLANCO, J.M., LONG, J.A., GEE, G., WILDT, D.E. and DONOGHUE, A.M. (2011) Comparative cryopreservation of avian spermatozoa: Benefits of non-permeating osmoprotectants and ATP on turkey and crane sperm cryosurvival. Animal Reproduction Science 123: 242-248.Google Scholar
BLESBOIS, E., GRASSEAU, I. and SEIGNEURIN, F. (2005) Membrane fluidity and the ability of domestic bird spermatozoa to survive cryopreservation. Reproduction 129: 371-378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BLESBOIS, E. (2011) Freezing avian semen. Avian Biology Research 4: 44-50.Google Scholar
BLESBOIS, E. (2012) Biological features of the avian male gamete and their application to biotechnology of conservation. Journal of Poultry Science 49: 141-149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BLESBOIS, E., SEIGNEURIN, F., GRASSEAU, I., LIMOUZIN, C., BESNARD, J., GOURICHON, D., COQUERELLE, G., RAULT, P. and TIXIER-BOICHARD, M. (2007) Semen cryopreservation for ex situ management of genetic diversity in chicken: creation of the French avian cryobank. Poultry Science 86: 555-564.Google Scholar
BORDES, A., LORNAGE, J., DEMIRCI, B., FRANCK, M., COURBIERE, B., GUERIN, J.F. and SALLE, B. (2005) Normal gestations and live births after orthotopic autograft of vitrified-warmed hemi-ovaries into ewes. Human Reproduction 20: 2745-2748.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BRINSTER, R.L. and AVARBOCK, M.R. (1994) Germline transmission of donor haplotype following spermatogonial transplantation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 91: 11303-11307.Google Scholar
BRINSTER, R.L. and ZIMMERMANN, J.W. (1994) Spermatogenesis following male germ-cell transplantation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 91: 11298-11302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BRINSTER, R.L. and NAGANO, M. (1998) Spermatogonial stem cell transplantation, cryopreservation and culture. Cell and Developmental Biology 9: 401-409.Google Scholar
CAMPBELL, B.K., HERNANDEZ-MEDRANO, J., ONIONS, C., PINCOTT-ALLEN, F., ALJASER, J., FISHER, A.S., MCNEILLY, R., WEBB, R. and PICTON, H.M. (2014) Restoration of ovarian function and natural fertility following the cryopreservation and autotransplantation of whole adult sheep ovaries. Human Reproduction 29: 1749-1763.Google Scholar
CARSIENCE, R.S., CLARK, M.E., VERRINDER GIBBINS, A.M. and ETCHES, R.J. (1993) Germline chimeric chickens from dispersed donor blastodermal cells and compromised recipient embryos. Development 117: 669-675.Google Scholar
CHALAH, T., SEIGNEURIN, F., BLESBOIS, E. and BRILLARD, J.P. (1999) In vitro comparison of fowl sperm viability in ejaculates frozen by three different techniques and relationship with subsequent fertility in vivo . Cryobiology 39: 185-191.Google Scholar
CHANG, I.K., TAJIMA, A., CHIKAMINE, T. and OHNO, T. (1995a) Proliferation of chick primordial germ cells cultured on stroma cells from the germinal ridge. Cell Biology International 19: 143-149.Google Scholar
CHANG, I.K., YOSHIKI, A., KUSAKABE, M., TAJIMA, A., CHIKAMÜNE, T., NAITO, N. and OHNO, T. (1995b) Germ line chimera produced by transfer of cultured chick primordial germ cells. Cell Biology International 19: 569-576.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
CHANG, I.K., JEONG, D.K., HONG, Y.H., PARK, T.S., MOON, Y.K., OHNO, T. and HAN, J.Y. (1997) Production of germline chimeric chickens by transfer of cultured primordial germ cells. Cell Biology International 21: 495-499.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
CHANG, I.K., NAITO, M., KUWANA, T., MIZUTANI, M. and SAKURAI, M. (1998) Production of germline chimeric quail by transfer of gonadal primordial germ cells preserved in liquid nitrogen. Japanese Poultry Science 35: 321-328.Google Scholar
CLELAND, D., KRADER, P., MCCREE, C., TANG, J. and EMERSON, D. (2004) Glycine betaine as a cryoprotectant for prokaryotes. Journal of Microbiological Methods 58: 31-38.Google Scholar
D'COSTA, S., PARDUE, S.L. and PETITTE, J.N. (2001) Comparative development of avian primordial germ cells and production of germ line chimeras. Avian and Poultry Biology Reviews 12: 151-168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DINNYES, A., LIU, J. and NEDAMBALE, T.M. (2007) Novel gamete storage. Reproduction of Fertility and Development 19: 719-731.Google Scholar
DOBRINSKI, I., AVARBOCK, M.R. and BRINSTER, R.L. (1999) Transplantation of germ cells from rabbits and dogs into mouse testes. Biology of Reproduction 61: 1331-1339.Google Scholar
DOBRINSKI, I., AVARBOCK, M.R. and BRINSTER, R.L. (2000) Germ cell transplantation from large domestic animals into mouse testes. Molecular Reproduction and Development 57: 270-279.Google Scholar
EHLING, CH., TAYLOR, U., BAULAIN, U., WEIGEND, S., HENNING, M. and RATH, D. (2012) Cryopreservation of semen from genetic resource chicken lines. Agriculture and Forestry Research 3: 151-158.Google Scholar
EYAL-GILADI, H. and KOCHAV, S. (1976) From cleavage to primitive streak formation: a complementary normal table and a new look at the first stages of the development of the chick: I. General Morphology. Developmental Biology 49: 321-327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FULTON, J.E. (2006) Avian genetic stock preservation: an industry perspective. Poultry Science 85: 227-231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
HAMMERSTEDT, R.H. and GRAHAM, J.K. (1992) Cryopreservation of poultry semen: The enigma of glycerol. Cryobiology 29: 26-38.Google Scholar
HAN, J.Y., PARK, T.S., HONG, Y.H., JEONG, D.K., KIM, J.N., KIM, K.D. and LIM, J.M. (2002) Production of germline chimeras by transfer of chicken gonadal primordial germ cells maintained in vitro for an extended period. Theriogenology 58: 1531-1539.Google Scholar
HERRERA, J.A., QUINTANA, J.A., LÓPEZ, M.A., BETANCOURT, M. and FIERRO, R. (2005) Individual cryopreservation with dimethylsulfoxide and polyvinylpyrrolidone of ejaculates and pooled semen of three avian species. Archives of Andrology 51: 353-360.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
HERRID, M., OLEJNIK, J., JACKSON, M., SUCHOWERSKA, N., STOCKWELL, S., DAVEY, R., HUTTON, K., HOPE, S. and HILL, J.R. (2009) Irradiation enhances the efficiency of testicular germ cell transplantation in sheep. Biology of Reproduction 81: 898-905.Google Scholar
HIEMSTRA, S.J., VAN DER LENDE, T. and WOELDERS, H. (2005) The potential of cryopreservation and reproductive technologies for animal genetic resources conservation strategies. The role of biotechnology, Villa Gualino, Turin, Italy, pp. 25-35. [online, cited 2015-09-15] http://www.fao.org/biotech/docs/hiemstra.pdf.Google Scholar
HOLT, W.V. (2000) Basic aspects of frozen storage of semen. Animal Reproduction Science 62: 3-22.Google Scholar
HONARAMOOZ, A., MEGEE, S.O. and DOBRINSKI, I. (2002) Germ cell transplantation in pigs. Biology of Reproduction 66: 21-28.Google Scholar
IUCN (2015) Status category summary by major taxonomic group (animals). [online-last updated 23 June 2015]. http://www.iucnredlist.org/about/summary-statistics#Tables_3_4.Google Scholar
IZADYAR, F., DEN OUDEN, K., STOUT, T.A.E., STOUT, J., CORET, J., LANKVELD, D.P.K., SPOORMAKERS, T.J.P., COLENBRANDER, B., OLDENBROEK, J.K., VAN DER PLOEG, K.D., WOELDERS, H., KAL, H.B. and DE ROOIJ, D.G. (2003) Autologous and homologous transplantation of bovine spermatogonial stem cells. Reproduction 126: 765-774.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
IZADYAR, F., MATTHIJS-RIJSENBILT, J.J., DEN OUDEN, K., CREEMERS, L.B., WOELDERS, H. and DE ROOIJ, D.G. (2002) Development of a cryopreservation protocol for type A spermatogonia. Journal of Andrology 23: 537-545.Google Scholar
KAGAMI, H., TAGAMI, T., MATSUBARA. Y. HARUMI, T., HANADA, H., MARUYAMA, K., SAKURAI, M., KUWANA, T. and NAITO, M. (1997) The developmental origin of primordial germ cells and the transmission of the donor-derived gametes in mixed-sex germline chimeras to the offspring in the chicken. Molecular Reproduction and Development 48: 501-510.3.0.CO;2-W>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KANG, S.J., CHOI, J.W., KIM, S.Y., PARK, K.J., KIM, T.M., LEE, Y.M., KIM, H., LIM, J.M. and HAN, J.Y. (2008) Reproduction of wild birds via interspecies germ cell transplantation. Biology of Reproduction 79: 931-937.Google Scholar
KIM, M.A., PARK, T.S., KIM, J.N., PARK, H.J., LEE, Y.M., ONO, T., LIM, J.M. and HAN, J.Y. (2005) Production of quail (Coturnix japonica) germline chimeras by transfer of gonadal primordial germ cells into recipient embryos. Theriogenology 63: 774-782.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
KINO, K., PAIN, B., LEIBO, S.P., COCHRAN, M., CLARK, M.E. and ETCHES, R.J. (1997) Production of chicken chimeras from injection of frozen-thawed blastodermal cells. Poultry Science 75: 753-760.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KOBAYASHI, T., TAKEUCHI, Y., YOSHIZAKI, G. and TAKEUCHI, T. (2003) Cryopreservation of trout primordial germ cells. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 28: 479-480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KOWALCZYK, A., LUKASZEWICZ, E. and RZONCA, Z. (2012) Succesful preservation of capercaillie semen in liquid and frozen states. Theriogenology 77: 899-907.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KUWANA, T. (1993) Migration of avian primordial germ cells toward the gonadal anlage. Development, Growth and Differentiation 35: 237-243.Google Scholar
KUWANA, T., KAWASHIMA, T., NAITO, M., YAMASHITA, H., MATSUZAKI, M. and TAKANO, T. (2006) Conservation of a threatened indigenous fowl (Kureko Dori) using the germline chimeras transplanted from primordial germ cells. Journal of Poultry Science 43: 60-66.Google Scholar
LAKE, P.E. (1986) The History and future of cryopreservation of avian germ plasm. Poultry Science 65: 1-15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LAKE, P.E. and STEWART, J.M. (1978) Preservation of fowl semen in liquid nitrogen-an improved method. British Poultry Science 19: 187-194.Google Scholar
LEE, Y.M., JUNG, J.G., KIM, J.N., PARK, T.S., KIM, T.M., SHIN, S.S., KANG, D.K., LIM, J.M. and HAN, J.Y. (2006) A Testis-mediated germline chimera production based on transfer of chicken testicular cells directly into heterologous testes. Biology of Reproduction 75: 380-386.Google Scholar
LI, Z.D., DENG, H., LIU, C.H., SONG, Y.H., SHA, J., WANG, N. and WEI, H. (2002) Production of duck-chicken chimeras by transferring early blastodermal cells. Poultry Science 81: 1360-1364.Google Scholar
LIU, J., SONG, Y., CHENG, K.M. and SILVERSIDES, F.G. (2010) Production of donor-derived offspring from cryopreserved ovarian tissue in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Biology of Reproduction 83: 15-19.Google Scholar
LIU, J., CHENG, K.M. and SILVERSIDES, F.G. (2012) Novel needle-in-straw vitrification can effectively preserve the follicle morphology, viability, and vascularisation of ovarian tissue in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Animal Reproduction Science 134: 197-202.Google Scholar
LIU, J., CHENG, K.M. and SILVERSIDES, F.G. (2015) Recovery of fertility from adult ovarian tissue transplanted into week-old Japanese quail chicks. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27: 281-284.Google Scholar
LIU, L., WOOD, G.A., MORIKAWA, L., AYEARST, R., FLEMING, C. and MCKERLIE, C. (2008) Restoration of fertility by orthotopic transplantation of frozen adult mouse ovaries. Human Reproduction 23: 122-128.Google Scholar
LONG, J.A. (2006) Avian semen cryopreservation: what are the biological challenges? Poultry Science 85: 232-236.Google Scholar
LONG, J.A. and KULKARNI, G. (2004) An effective method for improving the fertility of glycerol-exposed poultry semen. Poultry Science 83: 1594-1601.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
LONG, J.A., PURDY, P.H., ZUIDBERG, K., HIEMSTRA, S.J., VELLEMAN, S.G. and WOELDERS, H. (2014) Cryopreservation of turkey semen: Effect of breeding line and freezing method on post-thaw sperm quality, fertilisation, and hatching. Cryobiology 68: 371-378.Google Scholar
LUKASZEWICZ, E. and KRUSZYNSKI, W. (2003) Evaluation of fresh and frozen-thawed semen of individual gander by assessment of spermatozoa motility and morphology. Theriogenology 59: 1627-1640.Google Scholar
MASSIP, A., LEIBO, S. and BLESBOIS, E. (2004) Cryobiology and the breeding of domestic animals, in: Life in the Frozen State. Tailor and Francis Group, London, pp. 371-392.Google Scholar
MOCÉ, E., GRASSEAU, I. and BLESBOIS, E. (2010) Cryoprotectant and freezing-process alter the ability of chicken sperm to acrosome react. Animal Reproduction Science 122: 359-366.Google Scholar
MOORE, D.T., PURDY, P.H. and BLACKBURN, H.D. (2006) A Method for Cryopreserving Chicken Primordial Germ Cells. Poultry Science 85: 1784-1790.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MOZDZIAK, P.E., ANGERMAN-STEWART, J., RUSHTON, B., PARDUE, S.L. and PETITTE, J.N. (2005) Isolation of chicken primordial germ cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Poultry Science 84: 594-600.Google Scholar
MPHAPHATHI, M.L., LUSEBA, D., SUTHERLAND, B. and NEDAMBALE, T.L. (2012) Comparison of slow freezing and vitrification methods for venda cockerel's spermatozoa. Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2: 204-210.Google Scholar
MUCKSOVA, J., KALINA, J., BAKST, M., YAN, H., BRILLARD, J.P., BENESOVA, B., FAFILEK, B., HEJNAR, J. and TREFIL, P. (2013) Expression of the chicken GDNF family receptor α-1 as a marker of spermatogonial stem cells. Animal Reproduction Science 142: 75-83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NAGANO, M., MCCARREY, J.R. and BRINSTER, R.L. (2001) Primate spermatogonial stem cells colonize mouse testes. Biology of Reproduction 64: 1409-1416.Google Scholar
NAITO, M., TAJIMA, A., TAGAMI, T., YASUDA, Y. and KUWANA, T. (1994) Preservation of chick primordial germ cells in liquid nitrogen and subsequent production of viable offspring. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 102: 321-325.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
NAITO, M. (2003a) Genetic Manipulation in chickens. World's Poultry Science Journal 59: 361-371.Google Scholar
NAITO, M. (2003b) Cryopreservation of avian germline cells and subsequent production of viable offspring. Journal of Poultry Science 40: 1-12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NAITO, M., HARUMI, T. and KUWANA, T. (2015) Long-term culture of chicken primordial germ cells isolated from embryonic blood and production of germline chimaeric chicken. Animal Reproduction Science 153: 50-61.Google Scholar
NAKAJIMA, Y., MINEMATSU, T., NAITO, M. and TAJIMA, A. (2011) A new method for isolating viable gonadal germ cells from 7-day-old chick embryos. Journal of Poultry Science 48: 106-111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NAKAMURA, Y., USUI, F., MIYAHARA, D., MORI, T., ONO, T., TAKEDA, K., NIRASAWA, K., KAGAMI, H. and TAGAMI, T. (2010) Efficient system for preservation and regeneration of genetic resources in chicken: concurrent storage of primordial germ cells and live animals from early embryos of a rare indigenous fowl (Gifujidori). Reproduction, Fertility, and Development 22: 1237-1246.Google Scholar
NAKAMURA, Y., USUI, F., MIYAHARA, D., MORI, T., ONO, T., KAGAMI, H., TAKEDA, K., NIRASAWA, K. and TAGAMI, T. (2012) X-irradiation removes endogenous primordial germ cells (PGCs) and increases germline transmission of donor PGCs in chimeric chickens. Journal of Reproduction and Development 58: 432-437.Google Scholar
NAKAMURA, Y., KAGAMI, H. and TAGAMI, T. (2013) Development, differentiation and manipulation of chicken germ cells. Development, Growth and Differentiation 55: 20-40.Google Scholar
NETO, V., JOLY, T. and SALVETTI, P. (2007) Ovarian tissue cryopreservation in the doe rabbit: from freezing to birth. Cryobiology 55: 344.Google Scholar
NEVILLE, W.J., MACPHERSON, J.W. and REINHART, B. (1971) Contraceptive action of glycerol in chickens. Poultry Science 90: 2047-2053.Google Scholar
OGAWA, T., DOBRINSKI, I., AVARBOCK, M.R. and BRINSTER, R.L. (1999) Xenogeneic spermatogenesis following transplantation of hamster germ cells to mouse testes. Biology of Reproduction 60: 515-521.Google Scholar
ONO, T., MATSUMOTO, T. and ARISAWA, Y. (1998) Production of donor-derived offspring by transfer of primordial germ cells in Japanese quail. Experimental Animals/Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science 47: 215-219 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ONO, T. and MACHIDA, Y. (1999) Immunomagnetic purification of viable primordial germ cells of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 122: 255-259.Google Scholar
PARK, T.S., JEONG, D.K., KIM, J.N., SONG, G.H., HONG, Y.H., LIM, J.M. and HAN, J.Y. (2003) Improved germline transmission in chicken chimeras produced by transplantation of gonadal primordial germ cells into recipient embryos. Biology of Reproduction 68: 1657-1662.Google Scholar
PARK, K.J., KANG, S.J., KIM, T., LEE, Y.M., LEE, H.C., SONG, G. and HAN, J.Y. (2010) Gamma-irradiation depletes endogenous germ cells and increases donor cell distribution in chimeric chickens. In vitro cellular and developmental biology. Animal 46: 828-833.Google Scholar
PARKES, A.S. and SMITH, A.U. (1954) Storage of testicular tissue at very low temperatures. British Medical Journal 1: 315-316.Google Scholar
PARROT, D.M.V. (1960) The fertility of mice with orthotopic ovarian grafts from frozen tissue. The Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 1: 230-241.Google Scholar
PEREIRA, R.M. and MARQUES, C.C. (2008) Animal oocyte and embryo cryopreservation. Cell Tissue Banking 9: 267-277.Google Scholar
PEREIRA, R.J., NAPOLITANO, A., GARCIA-PEREIRA, F.L., BALDO, C.F., SUHR, S.T., KING, L.E., CIBELLI, J.B., KARCHER, D.M., MCNIEL, E.A. and PEREZ, G.I. (2013) Conservation of avian germplasm by xenogeneic transplantation of spermatogonia from sexually mature donors. Stem Cells and Development 22: 735-749.Google Scholar
PETITTE, J.N., CLARK, M.E., LIU, G., GIBBINS, A.M.V. and ETCHES, R.J. (1990) Production of somatic and germline chimeras in the chicken by transfer of early blastodermal cells. Development 108: 185-189.Google Scholar
PETITTE, J.N. (2006) Avian Germplasm Preservation: Embryonic Stem Cells or Primordial Germ Cells? Poultry Science 85: 237-242.Google Scholar
POLGE, C., SMITH, A. and PARKES, A. (1949) Revival of spermatozoa after vitrification and dehydration at low temperature. Nature 164: 666.Google Scholar
PURDY, P.H., SONG, Y., SILVERSIDES, F.G. and BLACKBURN, H.D. (2009) Evaluation of glycerol removal techniques, cryoprotectants, and insemination methods for cryopreservation rooster sperm with implications of regeneration of breed or line or both. Poultry Science 88: 2184-2191.Google Scholar
SANG, H. (2004) Prospect for transgenesis in the chick. Mechanisms of Development 121: 1179-1186.Google Scholar
SANTIAGO-MORENO, J., CASTANO, C., TOLEDANO-DÍAZ, A., COLOMA, M.A., LÓPEZ-SEBASTIÁN, A., PRIETO, M.T. and CAMPO, J.L. (2011) Semen cryopreservation for the creation of a Spanish poultry breeds cryobank: Optimisation of freezing rate and equilibration time. Poultry Science 90: 2047-2053.Google Scholar
SASAKI, K., TATSUMI, T., TSUTSUI, M., NIINOMI, T., IMAI, T., NAITO, M., TAJIMA, A. and NISHI, Y. (2010) A method for cryopreserving semen from yakido roosters using N-Methylacetamide as a cryoprotective agent. Journal of Poultry Science 47: 297-301.Google Scholar
SEXTON, T.J. (1975) Comparison of various cryoprotective agents on washed chicken spermatozoa. 5. Effect of glucose, sucrose and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Poultry Science 54: 1297-1299.Google Scholar
SEXTON, T.J. (1981) Development of a commercial method for freezing turkey semen. 1. Effect of prefreeze techniques on the fertility of processed unfrozen and frozen-thawed semen. Poultry Science 60: 1567-1573.Google Scholar
SHINOHARA, M.K., OGONUKI, N., INOUE, K., OGURA, A., TOYOKUNI, S. and SHINOHARA, T. (2003) Restoration of fertility in infertile mice by transplantation of cryopreserved male germline stem cells. Human Reproduction 18: 2660-2667.Google Scholar
SONG, Y., D'COSTA, S., PARDUE, S.L. and PETITTE, J.N. (2005) Production of germline chimeric chickens following the administration of a busulphan emulsion. Molecular Reproduction and Development 70: 438-444.Google Scholar
SONG, Y. and SILVERSIDES, F.G. (2006) The technique of orthotopic ovarian transplantation in the chicken. Poultry Science 85: 1104-1106.Google Scholar
SONG, Y. and SILVERSIDES, F.G. (2007a) Heterotopic transplantation of testes in newly hatched chickens and subsequent production of offspring via intramagnal insemination. Biology of Reproduction 76: 598-603.Google Scholar
SONG, Y. and SILVERSIDES, F.G. (2007b) Production of offspring from cryopreserved chicken testicular tissue. Poultry Science 86: 1390-1396.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SONG, Y. and SILVERSIDES, F.G. (2007c) Offspring produced from orthotopic transplantation of chicken ovaries. Poultry Science 86: 107-111.Google Scholar
SONG, Y. and SILVERSIDES, F.G. (2008) Transplantation of ovaries in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Animal Reproduction Science 105: 430-437.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SONG, Y., CHENG, K.M., ROBERTSON, M.C. and SILVERSIDES, F.G. (2012) Production of donor-derived offspring after ovarian transplantation between Muscovy (Cairina moschata) and Pekin (Anas platyrhynchos) ducks. Poultry Science 91: 197-200.Google Scholar
TAJIMA, A., NAITO, M., YASUDA, Y. and KUWANA, T. (1993) Production of germline chimera by transfer of primordial germ cells in the domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus). Theriogenology 40: 509-519.Google Scholar
TAJIMA, A., NAITO, M., YASUDA, Y. and KUWANA, T. (1998) Production of germ-line chimeras by transfer of cryopreserved gonadal primordial germ cells (gPGCs) in chicken. Journal of Experimental Zoology 280: 265-267.3.0.CO;2-L>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
TAJIMA, A., NAITO, M., YASUDA, Y. and KUWANA, T. (1999) Production of germ-line chimeras by transfer of cryopreserved gonadal primordial germ cells (gPGCs) in chicken. The Journal of Experimental Zoology 280: 265-267.Google Scholar
TAJIMA, A., BARBATO, G.G., KUWANA, T. and HAMMERSTEDT, R.H. (2003) Conservation of a genetically selected broiler line (42L) using cryopreserved circulating primordial germ cells (PGC) isolated by filtration method. Journal of Poultry Science 40: 53-61.Google Scholar
TAJIMA, A., MINEMATSU, T. and OHARA, M. (2004) Production of germ-line chimeras by the transfer of cryopreserved gonadal germ cells collected from 7- and 9-day old chick embryos. Journal of Animal Science 75: 85-88.Google Scholar
TREFIL, P., MICAKOVA, A., MUCKSOVA, J., HEJNAR, J., POPLSTEIN, M., BAKST, M.R., KALINA, J. and BRILLARD, J.P. (2006) Restoration of spermatogenesis and male fertility by transplantation of dispersed testicular cells in the chicken. Biology of Reproduction 75: 575-581.Google Scholar
TREFIL, P., BAKST, M.R., YAN, H., HEJNAR, J., KALINA, J. and MUCKSOVA, J. (2010) Restoration of spermatogenesis after transplantation of c-Kit positive testicular cells in the fowl. Theriogenology 74: 1670-1676.Google Scholar
TSELUTIN, K., SEIGNEURIN, F. and BLESBOIS, E. (1999) Comparison of cryoprotectants and methods of cryopreservation of fowl spermatozoa. Poultry Science 78: 586-590.Google Scholar
VAN DE LAVOIR, M.C., DIAMOND, J.H., LEIGHTON, P.A., MATHER-LOVE, C., HEYER, B.S., BRADSHAW, R., KERCHNER, A., HOOI, L.T., GESSARO, G.M., SWANBERG, S.E., DELANY, M.E. and ETCHES, R.J. (2006) Germline transmission of genetically modified primordial germ cells. Nature 441: 766-769.Google Scholar
VAN DE LAVOIR, M.C., COLLARINI, E.J., LEIGTHON, P.A., FESLER, J., LU, D.R., HARRIMAN, D.E., THIYAGASUNDARAM, T.S. and ETCHES, R.J. (2012) Interspecific germline transmission of cultured primordial germ cells. PloS ONE 7: e35664.Google Scholar
VÁRADI, É., VÉGI, B., LIPTÓI, K. and BARNA, J. (2013) Methods for cryopreservation of guinea fowl sperm. PLOS one 8: e62759.Google Scholar
VICK, L., LUKE, G. and SIMKISS, K. (1993) Germ-line chimaeras can produce both strains of fowl with high efficiency after partial sterilisation. Journal or Reproduction and Fertility 98: 637-641.Google Scholar
WANG, X., CHEN, H., YIN, H., KIM, S.S., TAN, S.L. and GOSDEN, R.G. (2002) Fertility after intact ovary transplantation [brief communication]. Nature 415: 385.Google Scholar
WEI, Q., CROY, B.A. and ETCHES, R.J. (2001) Selection of genetically modified chicken blastodermal cells by magnetic-activated cell sorting. Poultry Science 80: 1671-1678.Google Scholar
WERNERY, U., LIU, C., BASKAR, V., GUERINECHE, Z., KHAZANEHDARI, K.A., SALEEM, S., KINNE, J., WERNERY, R., GRIFFIN, D.K. and CHANG, I.K. (2010) Primordial germ cell-mediated chimera technology produces viable pure-line Houbara bustard offspring: potential for repopulating an endangered species. Plos ONE 5: e15824.Google Scholar
WOELDERS, H., ZUIDBERG, C.A. and HIEMSTRA, S.J. (2006) Animal genetic resources conservation in The Netherlands and Europe: Poultry perspective. Poultry Science 85: 216-222.Google Scholar
YASUDA, Y., TAJIMA, A., FUJIMOTO, T. and KUWANA, T. (1992) A method to obtain avian germ-line chimaeras using isolated primordial germ cells. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 96: 521-528.Google Scholar
ZHAO, D.F. and KUWANA, T. (2003) Purification of avian circulating primordial germ cells by nycodenz density gradient centrifugation. British Poultry Science 44: 30-35.Google Scholar